{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:24:38Z","timestamp":1792477478457,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The balance between the degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix determines periodontal attachment levels and alveolar bone matrix concentration in periodontal diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to degrade periodontal ligamental attachment and bone matrix proteins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different expression levels of MMPs and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Sixteen inflamed gingival tissue samples from subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis and 14 control tissue samples from systemically and periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated. The total RNA was extracted, and the transcript levels for MMP\u20101, \u22123, \u22129, and \u221213 and TIMP\u20101, \u22122, \u22123, and \u22124 relative to \u03b2\u2010actin were determined by quantitative real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Gene transcript levels for MMP\u20101 and TIMP\u20104 were significantly higher in periodontitis\u2010affected gingival tissues (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). MMP\u20103, \u22129, and \u221213 and TIMP\u20101 mRNAs also were elevated in periodontitis; however, the difference was not statistically significant. TIMP\u20102 and \u22123 mRNA levels were similar in healthy and diseased gingivae. The ratios of MMP\u20101\/TIMP\u20102 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01), MMP\u20103\/TIMP\u20102 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05), MMP\u20109\/TIMP\u20102 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05), and MMP\u20101\/TIMP\u20103 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01) from periodontitis lesions were significantly higher than those in the control tissues.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Upregulated MMP expression and an increased MMP\/TIMP ratio indicate that a potential imbalance between degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix persists in periodontitis\u2010affected gingival tissues. This process may be responsible for increased tissue breakdown in periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,31]],"date-time":"2007-12-31T09:29:20Z","timestamp":1199093360000},"page":"166-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Altered Gene Expression Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Periodontitis\u2010Affected Gingival 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