{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1787023819830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010associated neoplasm (HIV\u2010KS). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in a decrease in the incidence and prevalence of HIV\u2010KS as well as in clinical improvement. However, in a subset of subjects who are HIV seropositive, KS may recrudesce early following the introduction of HAART as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The management of a patient who is HIV seropositive with rapid clinical worsening of oral KS lesions shortly after the initiation of HAART was documented. Repeated serologic testing for CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell count and microscopic examination of two biopsy specimens of the oral lesion, one taken before and the other taken after cytotoxic chemotherapy, followed by surgical excision was the treatment modality used.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Microscopic examination of the incisional biopsy specimen taken from the oral lesion at the time of the initial consultation confirmed the clinical diagnosis of KS. The sequential serological tests showed a progressive increase in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell counts that paralleled the rapid clinical worsening of the KS disease. This was consistent with the diagnosis of IRIS\u2010associated HIV\u2010KS. Subsequent cytotoxic chemotherapy brought about resolution of the IRIS and regression of the HIV\u2010KS lesions. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen obtained after cytotoxic chemotherapy did not show any of the original KS. The residual palatal exophytic mass was excised.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    IRIS\u2010associated HIV\u2010KS is not a disease, but rather a temporary paradoxical immunoinflammatory reaction brought about by improvement in immune status following HAART. IRIS\u2010associated HIV\u2010KS can be controlled effectively by limited systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy in the setting of HAART.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]],"date-time":"2008-02-05T08:57:43Z","timestamp":1202201863000},"page":"362-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Associated Kaposi Sarcoma as an Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Literature Review and Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Liviu","family":"Feller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Anagnostopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil H.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bouckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich J.","family":"Raubenheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1076","volume-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus disease: AIDS and related disorders","author":"Fauci AS","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"314","article-title":"Necrotizing gingivitis of Kaposi sarcoma affected gingivae","volume":"61","author":"Feller L","year":"2006","journal-title":"SADJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma and calcium channel blocker\u2010induced gingival enlargement occurring simultaneously: Review of the literature and report of a case","volume":"4","author":"Feller L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Biosci Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(03)00043-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.14.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11816"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"779","article-title":"Long\u2010term clinical outcome of AIDS\u2010related Kapsoi's sarcoma during highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"27","author":"Cattelan AM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(03)00047-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Shelburne SA","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000161769.06158.8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70140-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2000.00012.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.2008.070225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:21:20Z","timestamp":1760865680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.2008.070225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.2008.070225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2008.070225","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}