{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:13:31Z","timestamp":1790032411537,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> This study explored whether periodontal health\/disease affects psychosocial outcomes in smiling patterns of particular subjects and their smile\u2010related quality of life.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We collected data from 21 regularly scheduled patients in a periodontal graduate student clinic (four males and 17 females; average age: 50.38 years; age range: 24 to 82 years). The subjects were videotaped while watching a funny television (TV) program. Two independent raters rated each videotape at 31 predetermined time points to assess four aspects of the objective smiling patterns of the subjects. In addition, the subjects responded to a questionnaire to assess their smile\u2010related quality of life. Provider ratings and chart review data were used to assess the clinically assessed oral health status of the subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The smile\u2010related quality of life of the subjects correlated significantly with indicators of the periodontal health of the subjects, such as the number of mobile teeth (r = 0.681; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =0.000), missing teeth (r = 0.784; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), and gingival recession in the esthetic zone (r = 0.718; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Periodontal health and smiling patterns also were correlated. The more teeth with probing depths between 4 and 6 mm the subjects had, the less widely they opened their mouths when they smiled (r = \u22120.468; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.032); the more hypermobile teeth the subjects had, the less open their smiles were (r = \u22120.442; <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.045) and the more likely they were to cover their mouths when they smiled (r = 0.517; <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.017); and the more sites of gingival recession in the esthetic zone the subjects had, the fewer teeth they showed when they smiled (r = \u22120.491; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.028).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The periodontal health of the subjects affects their smiling patterns and their smile\u2010related quality of life. Poor periodontal health may prevent adults from expressing positive emotions which, in turn, can impact their self\u2010concept as well as their social interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]],"date-time":"2008-02-05T08:57:43Z","timestamp":1202201863000},"page":"224-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Periodontal Health, Quality of Life, and Smiling Patterns \u2013 An Exploration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ruchir R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marita R.","family":"Inglehart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. Bethesda; MD: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health;2000. NIH publication 00\u20104713."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Oral Health and Quality of Life","author":"Inglehart MR","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Oral health\u2010related quality of life \u2013 Introduction and overview","author":"Inglehart MR","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2006.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2006.00398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2005.01152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2007)077[0318:PEAEOF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2006.00768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"The effect of severe caries on the quality of life in young children","volume":"21","author":"Low W","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Early childhood caries and quality of life \u2013 Child and parent perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Filstrup SL","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4814259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2006.00930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420200307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203259934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00115-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(00)00063-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195179644.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"432","article-title":"Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: Vertical dimension","volume":"32","author":"Zachrisson BU","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(78)80179-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The gingival smile line","volume":"62","author":"Peck S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70126-U"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.2008.070344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:21:16Z","timestamp":1760865676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.2008.070344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.2008.070344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2008.070344","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}