{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:06:13Z","timestamp":1791093973430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/02561\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/02561\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06\/04604\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06\/04604\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The objectives of this study were to clinically and immunologically assess the effects of mechanical anti\u2010infective therapies for mucositis and peri\u2010implantitis and to compare the levels of cytokines in untreated and treated peri\u2010implant diseased sites to healthy ones.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Titanium dental implants were assigned to one of the following groups: healthy (n = 10) = control; mucositis (n = 10) = mechanical debridement using abrasive sodium carbonate air\u2010powder and resin curets; and peri\u2010implantitis (n = 20) = open surgical debridement using abrasive sodium carbonate air\u2010powder and resin curets. Visible plaque accumulation, marginal bleeding, bleeding on probing, suppuration, and probing depth were assessed at baseline for all groups and at 3 months after therapies for diseased groups. At these times, the total amounts of interleukin (IL)\u20104, \u221210, and \u221212, tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the peri\u2010implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> At 3 months, the anti\u2010infective treatments resulted in a significant improvement in all clinical parameters for mucositis and peri\u2010implantitis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). Moreover, the total amounts of TNF\u2010\u03b1 in PICF were significantly higher in untreated diseased implants compared to healthy ones, and the OPG\/RANKL ratio was higher for healthy implants than for untreated peri\u2010implantitis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were significantly reduced for both diseased groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05), achieving the same level as the healthy group at 3 months after therapies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt;0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The proposed anti\u2010infective therapies may locally modulate the levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and the OPG\/RANKL ratio and improve clinical parameters around peri\u2010implant tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.070672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]],"date-time":"2009-02-02T10:22:40Z","timestamp":1233570160000},"page":"234-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Effect of Anti\u2010Infective Mechanical Therapy on Clinical Parameters and Cytokine Levels in Human Peri\u2010Implant Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Poliana 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