{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:14:43Z","timestamp":1789528483188,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Periodontitis is an infection with an episodic pattern of tissue\u2010support destruction. During the generation of a primary CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T helper 1 (Th1) response, interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) acts as a positive regulator by selectively inducing Th1 differentiation through increased transcription of T\u2010bet. The aims of this work were to determine IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels in samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to determine IFN\u2010\u03b3 and transcription factor T\u2010bet expression in gingival tissue from patients undergoing the progression of chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> One hundred six patients with moderate or advanced chronic periodontitis were selected. Periodontitis was characterized by at least six sites with probing depth \u22655 mm, clinical attachment loss \u22653 mm, and radiographic bone loss. Periodontitis progression was determined by the tolerance method. GCF was collected using a paper strip, and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the total amount of IFN\u2010\u03b3. Gingival biopsies were obtained from patients for real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction to determine IFN\u2010\u03b3 and T\u2010bet expression. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software. Data were expressed as subject means \u00b1 SD. The \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests were used.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The total amount and concentration of cytokine IFN\u2010\u03b3 were significantly higher in active sites than in inactive sites (99.90 versus 68.90 pg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03; 106.62 pg\/mg versus 75.64 pg\/mg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04, respectively). Active sites showed a significantly lower \u0394 cycle threshold (Ct) of IFN\u2010\u03b3 than inactive sites (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), whereas the expression of transcription factor T\u2010bet was increased 1.42\u2010fold in active sites compared to inactive sites.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The total amount and concentration of cytokine IFN\u2010\u03b3 in GCF samples and transcription factor T\u2010bet expression were increased in progressive periodontal lesions in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]],"date-time":"2009-02-02T10:22:40Z","timestamp":1233570160000},"page":"290-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Levels of Interferon\u2010Gamma and Transcription Factor T\u2010Bet in Progressive Periodontal Lesions in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dutzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Vernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Dezerega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Aguillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gamonal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2003.03107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.10.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(82)90036-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Immunohistological analysis of experimental gingivitis in humans","volume":"71","author":"Seymour GJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. 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