{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:01:48Z","timestamp":1761058908627,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Gingival melanoacanthoma is an uncommon reactive lesion, typically appearing as a solitary pigmented macule. This article reports a previously undescribed case of multifocal melanoacanthoma affecting the maxillary and mandibular gingiva and the hard palate. A literature review of melanoacanthoma of the gingiva is also provided.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> An otherwise healthy 60\u2010year\u2010old white female sought care for a periodic dental prophylaxis. The intraoral examination was remarkable for numerous painless, brown macular lesions in all four gingival quadrants and on the hard palate (eight on the gingiva and six on the palate). The lesions ranged in size from 2 to 4 mm. The patient had only been aware of one of these lesions, estimating its existence to be &lt;1\u2010year duration. The unusual and widespread presentation of these lesions warranted biopsy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> On microscopy, all surgical specimens revealed an acanthotic population of epithelium, with dendritic melanocytes distributed throughout, and numerous melanophages contained in the connective tissue. The dendritic melanocytes were immunoreactive for HMB\u201045 and S\u2010100. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the presence of keratinocytes and dendritic melanocytes containing melanosomes. A 5.5\u2010month follow\u2010up recall disclosed six new pigmented lesions (four on the gingiva and two on the hard palate), clinically identical to the previously discerned melanoacanthomas. There has been no recurrence of any of the biopsied lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Gingival melanoacanthomas may present as a solitary lesion or involve multiple sites. Pigmented gingival lesions of recent origin and without etiologic factors should undergo histopathologic review. A conservative biopsy for gingival melanoacanthoma may be sufficient for lesion identity and definitive treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,2]],"date-time":"2009-03-02T08:44:02Z","timestamp":1235983442000},"page":"527-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multifocal Melanoacanthoma of the Gingiva and Hard Palate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"John K.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold J.","family":"Sindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie A.P.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(83)90080-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"Intraoral melanoacanthoma: A ten\u2010year retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Schneider LC","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2004.00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"The AAMOP case challenge: A rapidly enlarging pigmented lesion of the buccal mucosa","volume":"3","author":"Park SK","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"682","article-title":"Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: Review, differential diagnosis, and case presentations","volume":"70","author":"Kauzman A","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30674-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90522-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"NajjarT ChiodoTA.Oral melanoacanthoma.eMedicine[serial online]. 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