{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:36:09Z","timestamp":1781624169048,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The biologic safety profile of oral health care products is often assumed on the basis of simplistic test models such as monolayer cell culture systems. We developed and characterized a tissue\u2010engineered human oral mucosal model, which was proven to represent a potentially more informative and more clinically relevant alternative for the biologic assessment of mouthwashes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biologic effects of alcohol\u2010containing mouthwashes on an engineered human oral mucosal model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Three\u2010dimensional (3D) models were engineered by the air\/liquid interface culture technique using human oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The models were exposed to phosphate buffered saline (negative control), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (positive control), cola, and three types of alcohol\u2010containing mouthwashes. The biologic response was recorded using basic histology; a cell proliferation assay; 3\u2010(4,5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide tissue\u2010viability assay; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis; and the measurement of release of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in tissue viability among the mouthwashes, cola, and negative control groups. However, exposure to the positive control significantly reduced the tissue viability and caused severe cytotoxic epithelial damage as confirmed by histology and TEM analysis. A significant increase of IL\u20101\u03b2 release was observed with the positive control and, to a lesser extent, with two of the tested mouthrinses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The 3D human oral mucosal model can be a suitable model for the biologic testing of mouthwashes. The alcohol\u2010containing mouthwashes tested in this study do not cause significant cytotoxic damage and may slightly stimulate IL\u20101\u03b2 release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]],"date-time":"2009-04-30T12:45:43Z","timestamp":1241095543000},"page":"769-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Biologic Assessment of Antiseptic Mouthwashes Using a Three\u2010Dimensional Human Oral Mucosal Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Keyvan","family":"Moharamzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty L.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"van Noort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.5.623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284431051006376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790030301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o01-237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-007-3321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00028-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Dual\u2010attribute continuous monitoring of cell proliferation\/cytotoxicity","volume":"11","author":"Fields RD","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Biotechnol Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2000.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000098703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00229-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Induction of buccal mucosal apoptosis with chronic alcohol ingestion","volume":"44","author":"Slomiany BL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04485.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.2009.080610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1760871726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.2009.080610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.2009.080610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2009.080610","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}