{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:10:11Z","timestamp":1768698611353,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Inhibitory signals mediated via molecules such as programmed death\u20101 (PD\u20101) play a critical role in downmodulating immune responses and maintaining peripheral tolerance. We investigated the involvement of cytokines and PD\u20101 engagement in mediating the T\u2010cell unresponsiveness to bacterial and ubiquitous antigens in periodontal diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Gingival and peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis were collected and used for the subsequent assays. Leukocytes in the lesion site and blood were evaluated using flow cytometry. The production of interferon\u2010\u03b3, interleukin\u201010, and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 proteins was evaluated by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the presence of PD\u20101+ cells in the inflamed gingiva was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for CD4 and PD\u20101 colocalization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> T cells from patients with chronic periodontitis proliferated poorly in response to <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> (previously <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>) antigen. T\u2010cell unresponsiveness was not associated with imbalanced cytokine production. However, T cells from patients with chronic periodontitis expressed significantly higher levels of PD\u20101 either upon isolation or after culture with antigens. Moreover, PD\u20101 blocking did not result in significant T\u2010cell proliferation in cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin or bacterial antigens. The blockade of PD\u20101 resulted in the increased production of IFN\u2010\u03b3. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD\u20101 accumulated in lesions with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These data show that PD\u20101 engagement could be involved in the modulation of IFN\u2010\u03b3 production by T cells in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]],"date-time":"2009-11-12T01:36:03Z","timestamp":1257989763000},"page":"1833-1844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Inhibitory Signals Mediated by Programmed Death\u20101 Are Involved With T\u2010Cell Function in Chronic Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Eduardo Aleixo","family":"Figueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L\u00facia Rubo","family":"de Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Aparecido","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Pompermaier","family":"Garlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Soares","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Ferreira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Julio","family":"Avila\u2010Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Santana","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Campanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.1.148","article-title":"Immune suppression induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 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