{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:56:45Z","timestamp":1769097405641,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The oral occurrence of putative microbial pathogens in humans has been documented in health and disease. The presence of periodontopathogens in patients with a history of periodontal disease may have a negative impact on bone regeneration. This investigation was conducted to confirm the presence of periodontal pathogens in bone particles harvested intraorally for maxillary sinus augmentation and to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes 6 to 12 months after bone augmentation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2010based identification were performed by paper\u2010point sampling of intraorally harvested bone particles in a group of 12 maintenance patients undergoing maxillary sinus augmentation. Radiographs were taken to assess and compare bone healing and volume gain at baseline and at 6 to 12 months after augmentation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The presence of periodontal pathogens (<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> [previously <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>], <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> [previously <jats:italic>T. forsythensis<\/jats:italic>], <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parvimonas micra<\/jats:italic> [previously <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus micros<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Micromonas micros<\/jats:italic>], <jats:italic>Campylobacter rectus<\/jats:italic>, enteric Gram\u2010negative rods, and <jats:italic>Dialister pneumosintes<\/jats:italic>) was identified in 10 of 12 patients (83%) by culture, PCR, or both and was associated with greater bone volume loss at 6 months postaugmentation. The PCR\u2010positive triad, <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>, was associated with pronounced volume loss of the grafted sinus at 6 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm osseous microbial contamination with major periodontopathogens in individuals undergoing maxillary sinus augmentation with a history of periodontitis. The effect on the grafting outcome translated into bone volume loss in the grafted sinus 6 months postaugmentation. Specific microbial contamination may have an impact on osteogenesis in osseous regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T10:22:45Z","timestamp":1249467765000},"page":"1355-1364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bone Microbial Contamination Influences Autogenous Grafting in Sinus Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Verdugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda 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