{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:36:26Z","timestamp":1768689386491,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Some haplotypes in the interleukin\u20104 (<jats:italic>IL4<\/jats:italic>) gene were reported to influence IL\u20104 cytokine production and were associated with inflammatory diseases. Association studies focusing on <jats:italic>IL4<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms and periodontal disease provided conflicting results. The aim of this study is to investigate whether <jats:italic>IL4<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms and haplotypes were related to chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The polymorphisms \u2013590(C\/T) and +33(C\/T) in the <jats:italic>IL4<\/jats:italic> gene were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment\u2010length polymorphism methods; the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) was identified by PCR. To assess the differences between the periodontitis group (n = 125) and control group (n = 125), the \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was used to assess genotype and allele distributions of individual polymorphisms. For haplotypes reconstructed by an expectation\u2010maximization algorithm, the CLUMP program and Fisher exact test were used. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to assess the association of age, gender, smoking status, and polymorphism\/haplotype with periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The \u2212590(T), +33(C), and insertion (I) of 70\u2010base pair (bp) alleles and genotypes were more prevalent in the periodontitis group, even after adjusting for covariates. The \u2212590, +33, and insertion (TCI) haplotype was associated with a susceptibility to periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio [OR<jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>] = 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50 to 4.80) as was the genotype TCI\/CCI (OR<jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub> = 5.27; 95% CI = 2.28 to 12.18), whereas the TTD (OR<jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub> = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.91), CTI (OR<jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub> = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.70), and TTD\/CTI (OR<jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub> = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.08 to 1.13) genotypes were a associated with protection against the development of chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Significant associations between alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of polymorphisms in the <jats:italic>IL4<\/jats:italic> gene and chronic periodontitis were verified in Brazilian individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,2]],"date-time":"2010-03-02T04:12:41Z","timestamp":1267503161000},"page":"392-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in the <i>Interleukin\u20104<\/i> Gene are Associated With Chronic Periodontitis in a Brazilian Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Giovana","family":"Anovazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline C.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen M.C.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana 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