{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:37:42Z","timestamp":1792118262332,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Gram\u2010negative enteric rods were associated with periodontal diseases in several populations. The association between enteric and putative periodontal pathogens has received little attention in the literature. The present investigation determined the occurrence and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of Gram\u2010negative enteric rods from Colombian patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Clinical parameters and the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates of Gram\u2010negative enteric rods were examined in 76 patients with chronic periodontitis in Medellin, Colombia. Subgingival samples were processed using culture and biochemical tests for the detection of periodontal and superinfecting pathogens. Selected colonies of Gram\u2010negative enteric rods from pure cultures were used to test the susceptibility to amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Chi\u2010square and Mann\u2010Whitney tests were used to determine differences in clinical variables versus the presence or absence of Gram\u2010negative enteric rods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was found in 12 patients, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was found in four patients, and three other species were recovered with a lower prevalence. Men (38.75%) tended to harbor more of the studied organisms than women (17.7%) (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.04). Gram\u2010negative enteric rods in periodontal pockets correlated positively with the presence of <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> (previously <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>nigrescens<\/jats:italic> (respectively, r = 0.66, 0.31, and 0.32; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001). All superinfecting organisms demonstrated a high susceptibility to moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin but exhibited a variable susceptibility to amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This study found high levels of Gram\u2010negative enteric rods in patients with chronic periodontitis. Moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin appeared capable of eradicating these organisms from periodontal pockets. Its good activity against Gram\u2010negative enteric rods and periodontopathogens suggests the potential use of moxifloxacin as an adjunctive antibiotic in the treatment of mixed periodontal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]],"date-time":"2010-02-12T12:46:09Z","timestamp":1265978769000},"page":"292-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Moxifloxacin Against Gram\u2010Negative Enteric Rods From Colombian Patients With Chronic Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Ardila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel C.","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-12-1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1990.tb00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.11.1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1988.tb00080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1991.tb00452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1990.tb00428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1999.tb02520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2001.016005306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/17.5.679-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000239474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.290103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.290106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth. 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