{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:55:31Z","timestamp":1778824531851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in men, studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross\u2010sectional investigation is to evaluate the periodontal health status of male ST users from a rural population.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Adult male residents of two rural Appalachian Ohio counties and daily ST users, with a unilateral mandibular oral ST keratosis lesion, were recruited. Subjects completed a questionnaire and received oral examination. Teeth present, ST keratosis lesion, plaque and gingival index, probing depth (PD), recession depth (RD), and attachment level were recorded. Statistical analysis compared ST\u2010site mandibular teeth (teeth adjacent to the subject's unilateral ST keratosis lesion) to NST\u2010site teeth (contralateral corresponding teeth).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> This study includes 73 ST users. Recession prevalence is much greater in ST\u2010site quadrants (36%) compared to NST\u2010site quadrants (18%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001). Twice as many teeth had recession on ST\u2010site (approximately 20%) than NST\u2010site (approximately 10%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001). Average buccal RD on ST\u2010site teeth did not differ from that on the NST\u2010site teeth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0875). Although average buccal attachment loss is greater on ST\u2010site teeth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016), the mean difference is &lt;0.5 mm. When stratified by years of ST use, subjects using ST for 10 to 18 years exhibit the most differences between ST and NST sites, whereas subjects using ST for &lt;10 years show no differences.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The results indicate that greater gingival recession prevalence and extent are associated with ST placement site in rural male ST users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T12:39:13Z","timestamp":1269866353000},"page":"848-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Smokeless Tobacco Use and Periodontal Health in a Rural Male Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Yong H.","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitris N.","family":"Tatakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvin G.","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.12.1874"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1999.0029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Tobacco use among adults\u2014United States 2005","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.061580"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200310000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.9.1300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Appalachian Regional Commission.County Economic Status Fiscal Year 2009. 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