{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:56:11Z","timestamp":1787586971638,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> This prospective clinical study aims to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on free gingival graft (FGG) healing, by assessing FGG dimensional changes and donor\u2010site wound healing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Twelve non\u2010smokers and 10 smokers treatment planned for FGG to augment keratinized tissue dimensions in the mandibular incisor area completed the study. All subjects received standardized FGG of same dimensions. Probing depth, gingival margin position, clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue (KT) width, gingival thickness, and FGG dimensions (width, length, and area) were assessed and recorded before surgery, and 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively. The palatal donor area was evaluated for immediate bleeding and complete wound epithelialization. Differences between the two groups (smokers and non\u2010smokers) were statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> FGG dimensions changed significantly postoperatively. At 90 days postoperatively, FGG width, length, and area were respectively reduced by 31%, 22%, and 44% in non\u2010smokers and by 44%, 25%, and 58% in smokers (no significant differences between groups; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt;0.05). Significant KT increases were observed in both non\u2010smokers and smokers (5.4 and 4.8 mm, respectively). Donor\u2010site immediate bleeding was significantly more prevalent in non\u2010smokers (75%) compared to smokers (30%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). At 15 days postoperatively, donor\u2010site complete epithelialization was much more prevalent in non\u2010smokers (92%) than in smokers (20%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.002).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Smoking alters FGG donor\u2010site wound healing by reducing immediate bleeding incidence and by delaying epithelialization, although it does not have discernible effects on postoperative FGG dimensional changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,9]],"date-time":"2010-04-09T11:43:23Z","timestamp":1270813403000},"page":"692-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Free Gingival Grafts: Graft Shrinkage and Donor\u2010Site Healing in Smokers and Non\u2010Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9verson O.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica Del 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