{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:57:42Z","timestamp":1792245462192,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of oral contraceptive (OC) use on the subgingival occurrence of specific periodontopathogens and the host's periodontal status.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n Ninety\u2010two females aged 19 to 40 years were included in the study. They were divided into two groups, OC users and non\u2010users, and subgrouped according to the most severe periodontal condition and duration of OC usage. A pooled subgingival sample from each subject was cultured to investigate the presence of\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species,\n Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n (previously\n Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n ), and\n Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n OC users, particularly smokers, show a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of severe periodontitis. OC users had deeper probing depths (\u22655 mm) than non\u2010users. Moreover, OC users had higher gingival index scores and clinical attachment loss, \u22652 and \u22655 mm, respectively, than non\u2010users (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01). Patients taking OCs had significantly higher numbers of cultures positive for\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n . Seven\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species were isolated. Subgingival\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n was associated with\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n in 82.9% and 85.4%, respectively, in patients taking OCs.\n A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n was isolated in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis and was associated with subgingival\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Candida.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n OC use may increase the risk of severe periodontitis and seems to cause a selection of certain\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species in periodontal pockets. OC users showed a higher prevalence of\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n compared to non\u2010users.\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n were the species with the ability to survive in the conditions created by the sex hormones after 3 years.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T00:14:25Z","timestamp":1270599265000},"page":"1010-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Women's Periodontal Health and the Subgingival Occurrence of Aggressive Periodontopathogens and\n Candida<\/i>\n Species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda 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