{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:47:50Z","timestamp":1790912870328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Smoking is the most important environmental risk factor for periodontal disease. Elevated levels of serum\u2010soluble CD44 (sCD44) have been detected in smokers and also have been recognized as a diagnostic marker in some smoking\u2010induced diseases. The present study investigates the salivary sCD44 profiles of smokers and non\u2010smokers with and without chronic periodontitis in response to scaling and root planing (SRP).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The study included 44 subjects divided into two groups: 22 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 periodontally healthy subjects. Both groups were equally subdivided into smokers (n = 11) and non\u2010smokers (n = 11). Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded only for chronic periodontitis patients. Salivary samples were collected from all 44 patients at baseline and after 1 month of SRP from the 22 chronic periodontitis patients. Assay for salivary sCD44 was carried out by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Baseline salivary sCD44 profiles were significantly higher when smokers were compared to non\u2010smokers in both chronic periodontitis patients and the control subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001) with the highest levels recorded in smokers within the chronic periodontitis group. There was a significant decline in salivary sCD44 levels after treatment in the chronic periodontitis group for both smokers and non\u2010smokers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01); however, the difference between groups was insignificant.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Salivary sCD44 might be considered a biomarker of periodontal destruction in smokers and non\u2010smokers. The research opens the door to further research into a role for CD44 as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,9]],"date-time":"2010-04-09T11:43:23Z","timestamp":1270813403000},"page":"710-717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Salivary\u2010Soluble CD44 Levels in Smokers and Non\u2010Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Noha","family":"Ghallab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olfat","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"853","article-title":"Parameter on chronic periodontitis with slight to moderate loss of periodontal support","volume":"71","author":"American Academy of Periodontology","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.060026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.11.908"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.12.7594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90638-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78253-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2001.280.3.C423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.2.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-08-0207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-098327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135475000230406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506703200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of reputed tumor\u2010associated soluble CD44 isoforms (v5 and v6) in smokers are dose\u2010related and decline on smoking cessation","volume":"9","author":"Scott DA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2002.01067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Increased serum levels of soluble CD44\u2010isoform v5 in rheumatic diseases are restricted to seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Haberhauer G","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Med Austriaca"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.4.546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Systemic assessments utilizing saliva. 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