{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:51:27Z","timestamp":1789102287012,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Hypoxia\u2010inducible factor (HIF)\u20101 is a key transcription factor responding to hypoxia. It is composed of an oxygen\u2010sensitive \u03b1 subunit (HIF\u20101\u03b1) and a constitutively expressed \u03b2 subunit. Increasing evidence indicates an essential role for HIF\u20101\u03b1 in infection and immunity. Because inflamed periodontium is thought to be hypoxic, we hypothesize that HIF\u20101\u03b1 is expressed and related to its upstream regulator tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and downstream effecter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Human gingival biopsies were collected from advanced periodontitis sites and clinically healthy sites, and immunohistochemically examined for HIF\u20101\u03b1 and VEGF peptides. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels of HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 in the biopsies were then assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> HIF\u20101\u03b1\u2013positive immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of epithelial and endothelial cells. In periodontal pockets, there was a marked increase in the proportion of fibroblast\u2010like cells and leukocyte\u2010like cells expressing HIF\u20101\u03b1. Protein levels of HIF\u20101\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were significantly higher in periodontal pockets than in control gingival samples. The mRNA expression of VEGF and TNF\u2010\u03b1 was also increased in periodontal pockets.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> HIF\u20101\u03b1 is expressed in healthy and diseased periodontium and may be related to TNF\u2010\u03b1 and VEGF function during periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,2]],"date-time":"2010-11-02T14:41:10Z","timestamp":1288708870000},"page":"136-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Expression of Hypoxia\u2010Inducible Factor\u20101\u03b1 in Human Periodontal Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"King\u2010Tung","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwong Man","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Tipoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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