{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:32:07Z","timestamp":1769045527873,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence of the efficacy of adjunctive antibiotic therapy to periodontal therapy in smokers with periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A search was conducted for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with durations \u22656 months that compared periodontal therapy with and without adjunctive antibiotics for the treatment of periodontitis in smokers. Data sources primarily included PubMed with MeSH terms and free text as well as EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials. In addition, a hand search of selected periodontal journals, bibliographies, and review articles was conducted. Independent reviewers were assigned to make independent searches and quality assessments (MA and DB) of the included studies, and disagreements were resolved by discussion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Five RCTs were selected for quantitative and qualitative assessments. Little evidence was found that supported the use of antibiotic therapy in conjunction with surgical periodontal therapy in smokers. With respect to non\u2010surgical therapy, consistent improvements in clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and probing depth (PD) reduction was reported after the use of a 250\u2010mg azithromycin tablet in one study. Adjunctive doxycycline gel and minocycline microspheres statistically improved CAL gain (in one RCT) and PD reduction (in one RCT), respectively. However, the risk of bias in all studies was estimated as high. Also, inadequate and inconsistent data precluded performing meta\u2010analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The present systematic review concludes that the evidence for an additional benefit of adjunctive antibiotic therapy in smokers with chronic periodontitis is insufficient and inconclusive. Additional well\u2010designed RCTs are required to assess the effect of antibiotics in conjunction with periodontal treatments in smokers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,28]],"date-time":"2010-06-28T14:26:10Z","timestamp":1277735170000},"page":"1518-1528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A Systematic Review of Clinical Efficacy of Adjunctive Antibiotics in the Treatment of Smokers With Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Angaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Gelskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Getulio","family":"Nogueira\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Brothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2003.00061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.7.675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1993.64.8s.772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1990.tb00030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.5s.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.10s.1094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb01800.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.6.916"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.8.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.261008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.7.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2002.290204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00524.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.070118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.3.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.5.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"The challenge of treating periodontal patients who smoke\u2014the efficacy of Arestin","volume":"4","author":"Oringer RJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Int Acad Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.3.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.070072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenS eds.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2. 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