{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:10:57Z","timestamp":1790867457784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease that also has some systemic effects. We investigated the levels of interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, and interleukin (IL)\u20102, \u20104, \u20105, and \u201010 in the serum of patients with periodontitis in relation to the bacterial load in the dental plaques.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Serum cytokine levels in patients with generalized periodontitis and healthy control groups were determined using the cytometric bead array kit. Bacterial load in the dental plaque was determined semiquantitatively by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. The proportions of different lymphocyte subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis by flow cytometry. Finally, relationships between the bacterial load in the subgingival plaques of patients with periodontitis and levels of cytokines and counts of lymphocyte subsets were established.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Serum levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u201010 were significantly increased, whereas those of IL\u20102 were significantly decreased in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Increased serum levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 in patients with periodontitis were associated with the enhanced dental plaque load with\n                    <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (previously\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Finally, as revealed by analysis of lymphocyte populations, the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Trepomena denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    was associated with an increased population of CD3\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD16\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Certain periodontal pathogens could be associated with an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and thus increased risk of systemic diseases.\n                  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