{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:21:57Z","timestamp":1783635717834,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of smoking status on the systemic and local superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010Px), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Sixty\u2010five CP patients (23 smokers [CP\u2010S], 23 former smokers [CP\u2010FS], and 19 non\u2010smokers [CP\u2010NS]) and 20 periodontally healthy non\u2010smoker controls (PH\u2010NS) were included in the study. After the clinical measurements, serum and gingival tissue samples were collected. SOD, GSH\u2010Px, and CAT activities and MDA levels in hemolysates and gingival tissue samples were spectrophotometrically assayed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Blood MDA levels in all the periodontitis groups were higher than in the PH\u2010NS group but only the difference between CP\u2010FS and PH\u2010NS groups was significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01). Gingival tissue MDA levels in the periodontitis groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01). However, the control group had the highest gingival SOD, GSH\u2010Px, and CAT activities compared with all the periodontitis groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01). The CP\u2010S group had the highest gingival MDA levels and SOD, GSH\u2010Px, and CAT activities among the periodontitis groups, whereas the lowest values were observed in the CP\u2010NS group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01). The blood and gingival MDA levels in the CP\u2010FS group were similar in the CP\u2010NS group, whereas they were lower than in the CP\u2010S group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Systemic and local MDA levels are increased by smoking in addition to the impact of periodontitis. The decreased local SOD, GSH\u2010Px, and CAT activities observed in periodontitis patients may increase with smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.100618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T09:43:18Z","timestamp":1294652598000},"page":"1320-1328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The Impact of Smoking Status on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in Chronic Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Mine \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","family":"Tongu\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6nder","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Recep","family":"S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bet\u00fcl Mermi","family":"Ceyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizem","family":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonca","family":"S\u00f6nmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhal","family":"Yetkin Ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00dcnal","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Baltac\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.Ye\u015fim","family":"K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026024829294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2007.00212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2770133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2860607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970159y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000153067.27288.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(90)90510-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329703400413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290301x.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Sobaniec\u2010Lotowska ME. 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