{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:26:51Z","timestamp":1760920011352,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> A number of epidemiologic studies were published that looked at the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontal disease. However, debate exists about whether this association is a true relationship or simply an example of an uncontrolled confounder. This retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between periodontal disease and CHD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Digital panoramic radiographs were used to assess alveolar bone loss (ABL) using a Schei ruler. Participants consisted of Veterans Administration (VA) patients who were eligible for dental benefits and had a digital panoramic radiograph taken at the VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado. Information on CHD and other important clinical variables were obtained from electronic medical records.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The examination of the relationship between ABL and CHD revealed a significant non\u2010linear relationship with a threshold at \u224820% bone loss with a doubling of the probability ratios of CHD compared to those at 7.5% bone loss.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a non\u2010linear relationship between ABL and CHD. A significant positive association between ABL and CHD was found at even low levels of bone loss between 10% and 20%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.100647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T09:14:22Z","timestamp":1300180462000},"page":"1304-1313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Loss of Alveolar Bone Due to Periodontal Disease Exhibits a Threshold on the Association With Coronary Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Alman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lonnie R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Calverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary 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