{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T14:40:06Z","timestamp":1792248006447,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Honey has a potent broad\u2010spectrum antibacterial action that may make it suitable for \u201canti\u2010infective\u201d treatment of periodontal disease. The aims of this study are as follows: 1) to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of honey against oral bacteria and compare the same with 0.2% chlorhexidine; and 2) to compare antiplaque efficacy in vivo with chlorhexidine.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The study was conducted in two parts. In the in vitro part, the inhibitory effects of three test agents, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, honey mouthwash, and saline, against six oral bacteria at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512 \u03bcg\/mL were tested in duplicate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was set as the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibited the growth of the test species. The in vivo part consisted of a double\u2010masked parallel clinical trial based on a 4\u2010day plaque regrowth model. Sixty\u2010six volunteers, 20 to 24 years of age, participated in the study, and the plaque scores were compared at baseline and at the end of 4 days. The Kruskal\u2010Wallis test was used for significance, and the Mann\u2010Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test was used for pairwise comparison of the groups. The mean plaque scores were 1.77 \u00b1 0.86, 1.64 \u00b1 0.90, and 3.27 \u00b1 0.83 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The honey mouthrinse effectively inhibited the six tested microorganisms. The chlorhexidine gluconate rinse had the lowest MICs compared with honey and saline rinses for all test species examined. The in vivo results revealed that plaque formation was inhibited\/reduced by chlorhexidine and honey rinses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Honey has antibacterial action against tested oral microorganisms and also has antiplaque action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]],"date-time":"2012-02-06T11:38:23Z","timestamp":1328528303000},"page":"1116-1121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Honey In Vitro and Antiplaque Efficacy in a 4\u2010Day Plaque Regrowth Model In Vivo: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Aparna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Srirangarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"Malgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnanand P.","family":"Setlur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Shashidhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Setty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinath","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s2.3.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.2801123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.280106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.10.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.9.s1.9.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCoyLC WehlerCJ RichSE GarciaRI MillerDR JonesJA. 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