{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:32:16Z","timestamp":1790382736736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study is to evaluate proinflammatory and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients to assess whether cytokine profiles distinguish patients with RA and patients with CP while using healthy patients as background controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 49 patients, 17 patients with RA (three males and 14 females; mean age: 47.82 \u00b1 10.74 years), 16 patients with CP (10 males and six females; mean age: 44.00 \u00b1 7.00 years), and 16 controls (eight males and eight females; mean age: 28.06 \u00b1 6.18 years) were enrolled. Patients with RA were under the supervision of rheumatologists; 15 of the patients with RA were being treated with methotrexate\u2013sulfasalazine combined therapy, and two of the patients were being treated with leflunomid therapy. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded. Interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20104, IL\u201010, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) were determined in GCF and IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201010 in serum by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> There were significant differences found among RA, CP, and control groups for all periodontal parameters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). The total amount and concentration of GCF IL\u20101 \u03b2, IL\u20104, IL\u201010, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were similar in RA and CP patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt;0.05). Although the total amount and concentration of serum IL\u201010 was not significantly different among the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt;0.05), serum IL\u20101\u03b2 was significantly lower in the RA group compared to CP patients and controls and was higher in GCF of the RA group compared to the CP group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Although clinical periodontal disease parameters indicated more severe periodontal disease in CP compared to RA patients, immunologic evaluation did not reveal consistent results regarding proinflammatory and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels. This might be a result of the use of non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and rheumatoid agents by patients with RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]],"date-time":"2012-03-13T11:59:53Z","timestamp":1331639993000},"page":"84-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Proinflammatory and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Cytokines in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Patients With Chronic 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