{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:40:16Z","timestamp":1788986416196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal roles in host immune responses and have been suggested to be involved in the development of many infectious diseases. In this study, the mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and their relationship with periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal tissue are examined. Furthermore, the mechanism of TLR induction by <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> is investigated in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 19 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 16 control individuals without periodontitis. Gene expression levels in the tissues and in HGFs were analyzed by reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). The numbers of periodontopathic bacteria were determined by quantitative real\u2010time PCR.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR9 were significantly higher in the tissues of patients with CP compared to the tissues of control individuals. The mRNA levels of TLR2 and TLR9, but not TLR4, were positively correlated with the number of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> in subgingival plaque. <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> sonicated extract, <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> lipopolysaccharide, <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> DNA, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1(TNF\u2010\u03b1) could significantly upregulate the mRNA expression of TLR2 in HGFs. Furthermore, <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u2013mediated TLR2 expression was suppressed by TNF\u2010\u03b1 antibody.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This study suggests that <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> infection induces TLR2 and TLR9 upregulation in patients with CP. <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u2013induced TLR2 expression in HGFs is partially dependent on TNF\u2010\u03b1 and may lead to sensitization of HGFs to bacterial components encountered in the periodontal microenvironment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T22:47:20Z","timestamp":1348526840000},"page":"1010-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Induction of Toll\u2010Like Receptor Expression by <i>Porphyromonas 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