{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:26:11Z","timestamp":1761895571920,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The development of host\u2010modulatory agents with low risk of adverse effects has been needed to treat periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease. A botanical mixture of extracts from two natural substances, <jats:italic>Panax notoginseng<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rehmannia glutinosa<\/jats:italic> Libosch, was developed as a novel botanical agent synthesized with anti\u2010inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the botanical mixture on the release of inflammatory cytokines and its inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced alveolar bone loss (ABL) in a rat model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102yl)\u20105(3\u2010carboxymethoxyphenol)\u20102\u2010(4\u2010sulfophenyl)\u20102H\u2010tetrazolium assay using human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line and hGF cells were cultured to assay tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)\u20106, respectively. Microcomputed tomography analysis and immunofluoresence analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the botanical mixture to inhibit the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissue in a rat model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The botanical mixture is cytotoxic at concentrations exceeding 2.5 mg\/mL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). Based on the results from cytotoxicity assay, it can be determined that the pharmacologic ranges of the botanical mixture to be used in all subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments. The botanical mixture reduced the release of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 from human monocytic cells and hGF cells in a dose\u2010dependent manner (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). The administration of the botanical mixture significantly reduced the alveolar bone loss in a rat model (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). In groups treated with the botanical mixture, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)\u20109 was detected along the alveolar bone crest (ABC), but not around the gingival connective tissue, while in the group with LPS\u2010induced ABL, pronounced expression of MMP\u20109 around the ABC, periodontal ligament, and gingival connective tissue was found.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The botanical mixture showed a potential adjunctive effect in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the present findings are obtained in vitro and in a rat model, so further clinical study is needed for its clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T18:12:35Z","timestamp":1351534355000},"page":"1221-1229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effects of a Novel Botanical Agent on Lipopolysaccharide\u2010Induced Alveolar Bone Loss in 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