{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T02:49:27Z","timestamp":1773629367162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE\u2010017968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE\u2010017968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Among the innate defense mechanisms in the oral cavity, lactoferrin (LF) is a vital antimicrobial that can modify the host response against periodontopathogens. <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> is the main periodontopathogen of localized aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of LF during <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\u2013induced periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Differences in the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and bone loss markers between wild\u2010type (WT) and LF knockout mice (LFKO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) were evaluated by real time\u2010PCR. Serum IgG and LF levels were quantified by ELISA. Alveolar bone loss among the groups was estimated by measuring the distance from cemento\u2010enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) at 20 molar sites.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Oral infection with <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> increased LF levels in periodontal tissue (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and saliva (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0004) of wild\u2010type infected (WTI) mice compared to wild\u2010type control mice. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as interferon\u2010\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and IL\u201012 were increased in the infected LF knockout (LFKO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>I) mice compared to the WTI mice, whereas the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20104 and IL\u201010 were decreased. Chemokines and chemokine receptors showed different expression patterns between WTI and LFKO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>I mice. The LFKO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>I mice developed increased bone loss (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), in conjunction with increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB ligand and decrease in osteoprotegerin, compared to WTI mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> These results demonstrate that the infected LFKO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice were more susceptible to <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\u2013induced alveolar bone loss, with different patterns of immune responses compared to those of WTI mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T09:31:54Z","timestamp":1358415114000},"page":"1690-1701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Lactoferrin Knockout Mice Demonstrates Greater Susceptibility to <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/i>\u2013Induced Periodontal 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