{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:00:25Z","timestamp":1792594825013,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> B\u2010lymphocytes play a central and critical role in the adaptive immune response against invading pathogens. This study evaluates saliva and serum levels of APRIL (a proliferation\u2010inducing ligand), B\u2010cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin (IL)\u20106, and IL\u201010 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010five patients with AgP, 20 patients with CP, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Smoking status was recorded, and all individuals were divided into non\u2010smokers and smokers. Saliva and serum samples were collected before clinical periodontal measurements. APRIL, BAFF, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 levels in serum and saliva samples were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance and bivariate correlation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Serum and saliva levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1, APRIL, BAFF, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 were similar in CP and AgP groups. Serum levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1, APRIL, and BAFF and saliva levels of BAFF were significantly higher in periodontitis groups than healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). Non\u2010smokers with CP or AgP had lower levels of saliva TNF\u2010\u03b1 and APRIL and serum APRIL and IL\u20106 than smokers with CP or AgP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). Saliva APRIL and serum TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 levels were significantly higher in healthy smokers than healthy non\u2010smokers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). Clinical periodontal parameters correlated positively with TNF\u2010family cytokines and negatively with IL\u201010 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that elevated salivary and serum TNF\u2010\u03b1, APRIL, and BAFF in patients with periodontitis may contribute to the dominance of B cells in periodontitis lesions. Moreover, higher levels in healthy smokers than non\u2010smoking counterparts may play a role in detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T10:57:36Z","timestamp":1369306656000},"page":"270-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Saliva and Serum Levels of B\u2010Cell Activating Factors and Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2010\u03b1 in Patients With Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nejat","family":"Nizam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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