{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:04:30Z","timestamp":1790813070661,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> A T\u2010helper 17 (Th17)\/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance has been suggested recently to play a role in the development of periodontitis. All\u2010<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid (ATRA) has been reported to modulate Th17\/Treg imbalances in some diseases. However, the effect of ATRA on periodontitis remains unknown. This study observes the effect of ATRA on Th17\/Treg imbalance modulation in experimental periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice by oral infection with <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>). ATRA was orally administered every other day. Alveolar bone resorption (ABR) was estimated by measuring the distance from the cemento\u2010enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell subsets in the cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Th17\/Treg cell\u2013related cytokine messenger ribonucleic acid expression was quantified by real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The present data shows that ATRA suppressed ABR and inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration into periodontal tissues. These effects were closely associated with reduced CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> retinoid\u2010related orphan receptor \u03b3\u03c4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and increased CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> forkhead box P3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in the CLNs. Furthermore, ATRA downregulated interleukin (IL)\u201017A expression and upregulated IL\u201010 and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 expression in both the CLNs and <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected gingival tissues.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> These results suggest that ATRA modulation of the Th17\/Treg imbalance provides protection against periodontitis by enhancing Treg cell activation and inhibiting Th17 cell activation. These results indicate the potential for clinical prevention of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T11:05:55Z","timestamp":1376651155000},"page":"740-750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Oral Administration of All\u2010<i>Trans<\/i> Retinoic Acid Suppresses Experimental Periodontitis by Modulating the Th17\/Treg 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