{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:28:16Z","timestamp":1790112496448,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) may yield multiple species of putative periodontal bacterial pathogens that vary in their antibiotic drug susceptibility. This study determines the occurrence of in vitro antibiotic resistance among selected subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with CP.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Subgingival biofilm specimens from inflamed deep periodontal pockets were removed before treatment from 400 adults with CP in the United States. The samples were cultured, and selected periodontal pathogens were tested in vitro for susceptibility to amoxicillin at 8 mg\/L, clindamycin at 4 mg\/L, doxycycline at 4 mg\/L, and metronidazole at 16 mg\/L, with a post hoc combination of data for amoxicillin and metronidazole. Gram\u2010negative enteric rods\/pseudomonads were subjected to ciprofloxacin disk\u2010diffusion testing.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Overall, 74.2% of the patients with CP revealed subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant to at least one of the test antibiotics. One or more test species, most often\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>intermedia\/nigrescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were resistant in vitro to doxycycline, amoxicillin, metronidazole, or clindamycin, in 55%, 43.3%, 30.3%, and 26.5% of the patients with CP, respectively. Fifteen percent of patients harbored subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant to both amoxicillin and metronidazole, which were mostly either\n                    <jats:italic>S. constellatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (45 individuals) or ciprofloxacin\u2010susceptible strains of Gram\u2010negative enteric rods\/pseudomonads (nine individuals).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Patients with CP in the United States frequently yielded subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant in vitro to therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics commonly used in clinical periodontal practice. The wide variability found in periodontal pathogen antibiotic\u2010resistance patterns should concern clinicians empirically selecting antibiotic treatment regimens for patients with CP.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T11:59:19Z","timestamp":1369051159000},"page":"160-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":233,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance in Human Chronic Periodontitis Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Rams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Degener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie J.","family":"van Winkelhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.10.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1985.0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s3.8.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.11.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01870.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.9.s1.12.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0906-6713.2002.003421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth. 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