{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:11:27Z","timestamp":1782771087336,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic> in subgingival dental plaque biofilms may contribute to forms of periodontitis that resist treatment with conventional mechanical root debridement\/surgical procedures and may additionally participate in some extraoral infections. Because systemic antibiotics are often used in these clinical situations, and little is known of the antibiotic susceptibility of subgingival isolates of these two bacterial species, this study determined the in vitro susceptibility to six antibiotics of fresh <jats:italic>S. constellatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates from human periodontitis lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 33 <jats:italic>S. constellatus<\/jats:italic> and 17 <jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic> subgingival strains, each recovered from separate patients with severe chronic periodontitis (n = 50) before treatment, were subjected to antibiotic gradient strip susceptibility testing with amoxicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline on blood\u2010supplemented Mueller\u2010Hinton agar and to the inhibitory effects of metronidazole at 16 mg\/L in an enriched <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> blood agar dilution assay. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing interpretative standards were used to assess the results.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Clindamycin was the most active antibiotic against <jats:italic>S. constellatus<\/jats:italic> (minimum inhibitory concentration at 90% [MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>] 0.25 mg\/L), and amoxicillin was most active against <jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic> (MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> 0.125 mg\/L). A total of 30% of the <jats:italic>S. constellatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates were resistant in vitro to doxycycline, 98% were only intermediate in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and 90% were resistant to metronidazole at 16 mg\/L.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Subgingival <jats:italic>S. constellatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic> exhibited variable antibiotic susceptibility profiles, potentially complicating empirical selection of periodontitis antibiotic therapy in patients who are species positive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.130291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T13:25:20Z","timestamp":1407417920000},"page":"1792-1798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Antibiotic Susceptibility of Periodontal <i>Streptococcus constellatus<\/i> and <i>Streptococcus intermedius<\/i> Clinical Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Rams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Feik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel E.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Degener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie J.","family":"van Winkelhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816513.ch27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.4.360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.5.778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302X.2002.170506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.12.1720"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth. 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