{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:38:22Z","timestamp":1791200302232,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Reactive oxygen species might be associated with the onset and progression of gingival inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a dentifrice containing <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010ascorbic acid 2\u2010phosphate magnesium salt (APM), a long\u2010acting ascorbic acid derivative with antioxidant properties, on gingival inflammation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The clinical effects of APM were investigated in a multicenter, randomized, parallel\u2010group, controlled clinical trial comprising 300 individuals with gingivitis. Half of the participants were given an APM\u2010containing dentifrice and half were given a control dentifrice. The primary outcome was the gingival index (GI) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included gingival redness as an indicator of the degree of local gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding as a measure of the gingivitis severity index, and total antioxidant activity of the saliva.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Under the intent\u2010to\u2010treat analysis, GI did not significantly differ between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.12). However, under the per\u2010protocol analysis, GI was significantly lower in the APM group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) than in the control group. In the APM group, gingival redness was significantly lower, and the difference from the baseline gingivitis severity index was significantly greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02, respectively). The total antioxidant activity of the saliva was significantly higher in the APM group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). The incidence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt;0.15).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These findings indicate that the regular application of an APM\u2010containing dentifrice could reduce gingival inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T06:13:08Z","timestamp":1412316788000},"page":"27-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Effects of an Ascorbic Acid\u2013Derivative Dentifrice in Patients With Gingivitis: A Double\u2010Masked, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Shimabukuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yorimasa","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tamazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Shimauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Chikazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-003-0208-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.3.932-940.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3367-3375.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290301x.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-008-0202-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(84)80063-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345910700121101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00643.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.8.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041380103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Development of in vivo evaluation model applied for topical anti\u2010inflammatory agent on the guinea pig skin: Inhibitory effects of ascorbate\u20102\u2010phosphate on croton oil\u2010induced skin inflammatory response","volume":"82","author":"Kigawa M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vitamins"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration. 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