{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:38:24Z","timestamp":1778643504833,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE13694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE13694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic microbial community that elicits a gingival inflammatory response leading to tissue breakdown. Periodontitis shares many characteristics with other chronic inflammatory diseases, including abnormal glycosylation of immunoglobulin (Ig)G. The current authors have previously demonstrated that IgG from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis contains galactose (Gal)\u2010deficient IgG.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The origin of the aberrantly glycosylated IgG was determined by measuring levels of Gal\u2010deficient IgG in GCF and serum from patients with periodontitis and non\u2010periodontitis controls using lectin enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. The Ig\u2010producing cells and the proportion of cells producing Gal\u2010deficient IgG were immunohistochemically determined in gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis by fluorescence microscopy. The results were statistically evaluated and correlated with clinical data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The results indicate that GCF of patients with periodontitis had higher levels of Gal\u2010deficient IgG compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). In gingival tissues, IgG was the dominant isotype among Ig\u2010producing cells, and 60% of IgG\u2010positive cells produced Gal\u2010deficient IgG. Moreover, the proportion of Gal\u2010deficient IgG\u2010producing cells directly correlated with clinical parameters of probing depth and clinical attachment loss (AL).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These results suggest that the presence of Gal\u2010deficient IgG is associated with gingival inflammation and may play a role in the worsening of clinical parameters of periodontitis, such as AL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T06:21:01Z","timestamp":1408947661000},"page":"1779-1785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Origin of Galactose\u2010Deficient Immunoglobulin G in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Yuske","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leona Raskova","family":"Kafkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Barasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ging R.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Grbic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zdenek","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Mestecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Moldoveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1982.tb02107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512453589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2012.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7306(08)60292-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91781-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508401005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.060049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2003.03109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"STROBE. 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