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Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract of the entries yielded from the initial search. Subsequently, both reviewers read the full\u2010text version of potentially eligible studies, made a final article selection, and extracted the data of the selected studies considering specific clinical scenarios. The clinical scenarios contemplated in this review included the following: 1) facial and interproximal Class I defects in maxillary molars; 2) facial and lingual Class I defects in mandibular molars; 3) facial and interproximal Class II furcation defects in maxillary molars; 4) facial and lingual Class II furcation defects in mandibular molars; 5) Class III furcation defects in maxillary molars; 6) Class III furcation defects in mandibular molars; and 7) Class I, II, or III furcation defects in maxillary premolars. Endpoints of interest included different clinical, radiographic, microbiologic, histologic, and patient\u2010reported outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The initial search yielded a total of 1,500 entries. The final selection consisted of 150 articles, of which six were systematic reviews, 109 were clinical trials, 27 were case series, and eight were case reports. A summary of the main findings of previously published systematic reviews and the available evidence relative to the indication of regenerative approaches for the treatment of furcation defects compared with conventional surgical therapy are presented. Given the marked methodologic heterogeneity and the wide variety of materials and techniques applied in the selected clinical trials, the conduction of a meta\u2010analysis was not viable.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    On the basis of the reviewed evidence, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1) Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated histologically and clinically for the treatment of maxillary facial or interproximal and mandibular facial or lingual Class II furcation defects. 2) Although periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated histologically for the treatment of mandibular Class III defects, the evidence is limited to one case report. 3) Evidence supporting regenerative therapy in maxillary Class III furcation defects in maxillary molars is limited to clinical case reports. 4) In Class I furcation defects, regenerative therapy may be beneficial in certain clinical scenarios, although most Class I furcation defects may be successfully treated with non\u2010regenerative therapy. 5) Future research efforts should be primarily directed toward the conduction of clinical trials to test novel regenerative approaches that place emphasis primarily on patient\u2010reported outcomes and also on histologic demonstration of periodontal regeneration. Investigators should also focus on understanding the influence that local, systemic, and technical factors may have on the outcomes of regenerative therapy in furcation defects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.130677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T08:22:17Z","timestamp":1422951737000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Periodontal Regeneration \u2013 Furcation Defects: A Systematic Review From the AAP Regeneration Workshop"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Avila\u2010Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan G.","family":"De Buitrago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology.Glossary of Periodontal Terms 4thed. 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