{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T03:26:30Z","timestamp":1770521190516,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is used for the treatment of osseous defects. Conditioned medium from native bone chips can activate transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b2 signaling in mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to determine whether processing of native bone into DBM affects the activity of the conditioned medium.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Porcine cortical bone blocks were subjected to defatting, different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, and various temperatures. DBM was lyophilized, ground, and placed into culture medium. Human gingiva and periodontal fibroblasts were exposed to the respective conditioned medium obtained from DBM (DBCM). Changes in the expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 target genes were determined.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> DBCM altered the expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 target genes (e.g., <jats:italic>adrenomedullin, pentraxin 3, KN motif<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ankyrin repeat domains 4, interleukin 11, NADPH oxidase 4,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BTB [POZ] domain containing 11<\/jats:italic>) by at least five\u2010fold. The response was observed in fibroblasts from both sources. Defatting lowered the activity of DBCM. The TGF\u2010\u03b2 receptor type I kinase inhibitor SB431542 [4\u2010(4\u2010(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol\u20105\u2010yl)\u20105\u2010(pyridin\u20102\u2010yl)\u20101H\u2010imidazol\u20102\u2010yl)benzamide] but not the inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein receptor dorsomorphin, blocked the effects of DBCM on gene expression. Moreover, conditioned medium obtained from commercial human DBM modulated the expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 target genes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The findings suggest that the DBCM can activate TGF\u2010\u03b2 signaling in oral fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]],"date-time":"2015-03-19T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1426753049000},"page":"827-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Conditioned Medium of Demineralized Freeze\u2010Dried Bone Activates Gene Expression in Periodontal Fibroblasts In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Guenther Schuldt","family":"Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Caball\u00e9\u2010Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosaku","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter D.","family":"Bosshardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Buser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"The use of freeze\u2010dried bone allograft as an alternative to autogenous bone graft in the atrophic maxilla: A 3\u2010year clinical follow\u2010up","volume":"29","author":"Bianchini MA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3698.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200100001-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.00976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Human bone chips release of sclerostin and FGF\u201023 into the culture medium: An in vitro pilot study (published online ahead of print June 2, 2014)","author":"Brolese E","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Bone\u2010conditioned medium inhibits osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells in vitro (published online ahead of print January 27, 2014)","author":"Peng J","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"ZimmermannM Caball\u00e9\u2010SerranoJ BosshardtDD AnkersmitJH BuserD GruberR. 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