{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T02:50:58Z","timestamp":1781837458063,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Decontamination by adjunctive antiseptic agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) is often recommended for the treatment of peri\u2010implant infections. However, its action on the titanium implant surface needs further research. This study is designed to evaluate the ability of modified titanium surfaces to release chlorhexidine after periodic CHX exposure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Four titanium surfaces were prepared: 1) no surface treatment control (machined surface [MA]); 2) an acid mix of 10% HNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and 5% HF (HNF); 3) resorbable blast media (RBM); and 4) sandblasting and acid etching (SLA). Each surface was analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Each sample was incubated with whole saliva or phosphate\u2010buffered saline for 2 hours. Measurements of CHX release were performed using spectrometry on days 1, 2, and 5 after 1\u2010minute exposure to 0.5% chlorhexidine digluconate solution during a 5\u2010day cycle. CHX\u2010releasing experiments were repeated three consecutive times for 15 days. The antimicrobial activity of CHX\u2010adsorbed disks was determined by a disk diffusion test using <jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The CHX\u2010adsorbed titanium surfaces exhibited a short\u2010term release of CHX, and CHX levels dropped rapidly within 3 days. SLA and RBM with smaller and narrower depressions released more CHX than HNF and MA, specifically in the saliva\u2010coated group. The disk diffusion test revealed that after CHX uptake, saliva\u2010coated SLA and RBM showed the highest antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> This study suggests that CHX release is significantly influenced by titanium surface modifications and that SLA and RBM might provide effective CHX uptake capacity in the saliva\u2010filled oral cavity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T06:53:12Z","timestamp":1436424792000},"page":"1268-1275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chlorhexidine Uptake and Release From Modified Titanium Surfaces and Its Antimicrobial 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