{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:26:59Z","timestamp":1790198819350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004602","name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Clinical studies have showed that prediabetes (preDM) is a predisposing factor for periodontitis. However, the pathogenic mechanism involved is unclear. Because it is known that the activation of Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR)\u2010mediated nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in periodontitis, it is hypothesized that preDM enhances periodontal inflammation by activation of the TLR\u2010mediated NF\u2010\u03baB pathway.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this study, a preDM rat model is established by feeding a high\u2010fat diet (HFD). HFD\u2010induced rats with preDM (n = 7) and normal chow\u2013fed rats (n = 7) were studied. The animal model was characterized in terms of body weight and the glycemic and insulinemic profiles. The following parameters were assessed to evaluate possible early periodontal alterations and underlying mechanisms: 1) histology analysis of periodontal tissue; and 2) serum and mRNA levels and\/or the tissue protein expression of TLRs, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor\u2013associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF\u2010\u03baB, cytokines, advanced glucose ends (AGEs), and free fatty acids (FFAs).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Rats with preDM presented higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in periodontal tissue in the HFD group compared with the control group. The TLR2 and TLR4 was mostly expressed in gingiva, and TLR4 was expressed in periodontal ligament in rats. Furthermore, the MyD88 and TRAF6 protein levels were significantly increased in gingiva in rats with preDM compared with normal rats. The activity of NF\u2010\u03baB signals was higher in rats with preDM than in normal rats. Regarding cytokines expression, the TNF\u2010\u03b1 protein levels and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. In the serum, AGEs levels were significantly increased in the rats with preDM. Mean FFAs concentrations were increased in rats with preDM compared with normal rats, but it did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> In rats with preDM, TLR2 and TLR4 gene and protein levels were higher in periodontal tissue, and the activation of NF\u2010\u03baB may, through TLRs\/MyD88, cause more cytokine secretion, which is associated with the onset or development of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T09:24:33Z","timestamp":1449566673000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prediabetes Enhances Periodontal Inflammation Consistent With Activation of Toll\u2010Like Receptor\u2013Mediated Nuclear Factor\u2010\u03baB Pathway in 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