{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T20:19:58Z","timestamp":1774556398501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Peri\u2010implant soft tissue reactive lesions (I\u2010RLs) may jeopardize implant success and survival. To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, its pathogenesis is unknown. The objective of this study is to conduct a clinicopathologic and polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis of 14 new I\u2010RLs and compare them with comparable tooth\u2010associated cases (T\u2010RLs) to better understand I\u2010RL pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Fifty\u2010eight new cases of I\u2010RL and T\u2010RL were retrieved from the pathology department archives of Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. Retrospective analysis of histopathologic and clinical features was conducted, documented, and then compared for: 1) I\u2010RL (n = 14), 2) peri\u2010implant pyogenic granuloma (I\u2010PG) (n = 5), 3) peri\u2010implant peripheral giant cell granuloma (I\u2010PGCG) (n = 9), 4) T\u2010RL (n = 44), 5) tooth\u2010associated pyogenic granuloma (T\u2010PG) (n = 21), and 6) tooth\u2010associated peripheral giant cell granuloma (T\u2010PGCG) (n = 23). Presence of foreign bodies was assessed using PLM.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Foreign bodies were found more commonly in I\u2010RLs (n = 13\/14; 93%) when compared with T\u2010RLs (n = 18\/44; 41%), which was a statistically significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) with an odds ratio of 7.9. Microscopically, I\u2010PGCG was associated with: 1) lower multinucleated giant cell count (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04); 2) lower density of mesenchymal cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05); and 3) more diffuse, non\u2010lobulated stromal morphology (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Clinically, I\u2010RLs were found in patients who were older, and all cases were located in the posterior region: mandible (n = 12\/14; 86%) and maxilla (n = 2\/14; 14%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> In cases of implant failure, implantation of foreign bodies may play a role with subsequent development of I\u2010PG and I\u2010PGCG\u2010like lesions. Clinicians should be aware of this risk so they can implement measures to minimize adverse implant outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:20:29Z","timestamp":1454372429000},"page":"502-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Pathogenesis of Implant\u2010Related Reactive Lesions: A Clinical, Histologic and Polarized Light Microscopy Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Halperin\u2010Sternfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Sabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Akrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"The team approach to managing dental implant complications: The periodontist\u2019s point of view","volume":"34","author":"Froum SJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2000.011S1146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-8-192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-13-00251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-11-00166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma occurring in a postmenopausal woman on hormone replacement therapy","author":"Johnson TM","year":"2011","journal-title":"US Army Med Dep J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with a dental implant","volume":"19","author":"Bischof M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"Giant cell peripheral granuloma surrounding a dental implant: Case report (in French)","volume":"65","author":"Hanselaer L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Belge Med Dent (1984)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.9.1381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with dental implants: A rare case report","volume":"24","author":"Ozden FO","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-11-00143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with a dental implant: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"697673","author":"Brown AL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-13-00155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"Peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with a dental implant. 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