{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T22:57:00Z","timestamp":1766012220975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> It has been shown that toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) 2\u2010 and TLR4\u2010stimulating abilities of supragingival plaque (SPP) are associated with periodontal conditions. It is hypothesized that SPP might affect the periodontium through its influence on subgingival plaque (SBP). This study investigates relationships between TLR2\u2010 and TLR4\u2010stimulating abilities of SBP and periodontal conditions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> One hundred thirteen SBP samples were collected from the deepest pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis. TLR2\u2010 and TLR4\u2010stimulating abilities were measured using genetically engineered nuclear factor\u2010kappa B reporter cells. Numbers of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> in each plaque sample were determined by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with SBP samples in presence or absence of TLR4 or TLR2 inhibitor. Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)\u20108 was analyzed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> TLR4\u2010stimulating ability of SBP was associated with plaque index (PI), but not with other clinical parameters at sampling sites. TLR2\u2010stimulating ability of SBP was associated with none of the parameters. Number of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> in each plaque sample was not associated with TLR2\u2010 or TLR4\u2010stimulating ability of SBP. PBMCs stimulated with SBP samples produced TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20108, which was inhibited by TLR4 but not by TLR2 inhibitor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> TLR4\u2010 but not TLR2\u2010stimulating ability of SBP is associated with PI. Enhanced TLR4\u2010stimulating ability at sites with accumulated plaque may mediate gingival inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T12:07:43Z","timestamp":1464005263000},"page":"1083-1091","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Subgingival Plaque Ability to Stimulate Toll\u2010Like Receptor 2 and 4"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"S.M.","family":"Ziauddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Luis","family":"Montenegro 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