{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:24:13Z","timestamp":1774873453953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> This study determines prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and association among age, sex, socioeconomic status, presence of digit\u2010sucking habits, oral hygiene status (OHS), and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Data of 992 children aged 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria were analyzed. Information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and history of digit\u2010sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for OHS and severity of gingivitis using the simplified oral hygiene index and the gingival index, respectively. Predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> One (0.2%) and 454 (93.0%) children aged 1 to 5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. Twenty\u2010two (4.4%) and 361 (72.9%) children aged 6 to 12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20 to 0.35; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1 to 5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). There was no significant relationship among sex, digit sucking, OHS, and presence of gingivitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> A digit\u2010sucking habit did not increase chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socioeconomic status were factors that significantly increased chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T04:15:54Z","timestamp":1464668154000},"page":"1047-1056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Digit Sucking, Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Oral Hygiene Status and Gingival Health of Children in Suburban Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Hakeem O.","family":"Agbaje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kikelomo A.","family":"Kolawole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morenike O.","family":"Folayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nneka K.","family":"Onyejaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth O.","family":"Oziegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Titus A.","family":"Oyedele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nneka M.","family":"Chukwumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olusegun V.","family":"Oshomoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Nutritive and nonnutritive sucking habits: A review","volume":"63","author":"Turgeon\u2010O\u2019Brien H","year":"1996","journal-title":"ASDC J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ortu.2013.6.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"Relation between sucking habits and dental characteristics in preschoolchildren with unilateral cross\u2010bite","volume":"97","author":"Lindner A","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Effects of current and former pacifier use on the dentition of 24\u2010 to 59\u2010month\u2010old children","volume":"17","author":"Adair SM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Oral habits in school going children of Delhi: A prevalence study","volume":"21","author":"Kharbanda OP","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.121445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Oral habits in the primary and mixed dentitions of some Nigerian children: A longitudinal study","volume":"6","author":"Onyeaso CO","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242007000200010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.088484"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Oral habits in relation to dental caries and gingival health among children attending the dental hospital","volume":"17","author":"Misbah MM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Baghdad Coll Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.6.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1973.tb08122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Non\u2010nutritive sucking behaviors in preschool children: A longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"Warren JJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.1994.20.1.2","article-title":"Artificial sucking habits: Etiology, prevalence and effect on occlusion","volume":"20","author":"Larsson E","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Orofacial Myology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4803058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1995.0278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"Self\u2010inflicted gingival injuries. 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