{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:08:37Z","timestamp":1791644917099,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["103\u2010N2500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103\u2010N2500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Developing a drug carrier with favorable handling characteristics that can respond to environmental changes after inflammation, such as pH changes, may be beneficial for treating periodontitis. This study aims to investigate the preclinical feasibility of using naringin, a naturally derived polymethoxylated flavonoid compound with anti\u2010inflammatory properties, to inhibit periodontitis induction via a thermogelling and pH\u2010responsive injectable hydrogel.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The hydrogel was made of amphipathic carboxymethyl\u2010hexanoyl chitosan (CHC), \u03b2\u2010glycerol phosphate (\u03b2\u2010GP), and glycerol. Thermogelling and pH\u2010responsive characteristics of the hydrogel, as well as cell viability after treatment with the hydrogel containing naringin, were evaluated in vitro. Hydrogel was subgingivally delivered when experimental periodontitis was induced in vivo, and therapeutic effect was evaluated with microcomputed tomography imaging, histology, and expression of inflammation\u2010associated genes, including toll\u2010like receptor (TLR)2, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), myeloid differentiation primary response gene\u201088, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The hydrogel was consistently fluidic at 4\u00b0C but rapidly gelled at 37\u00b0C. Release of naringin was faster at pH 5.5 to 6.5, and viability was significantly promoted by treatment with 0.85% naringin. Naringin\u2010carrying CHC\u2010\u03b2\u2010GP\u2010glycerol hydrogel sites showed significantly reduced periodontal bone loss (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05) and inflammatory infiltration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01) as well as significantly downregulated TLR2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05), RAGE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01), and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05) relative to the sites with experimental periodontitis alone.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Naringin\u2010carrying CHC\u2010\u03b2\u2010GP\u2010glycerol colloidal hydrogel can be used to inhibit induction of experimental periodontitis with favorable handling and inflammation\u2010responsive characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T08:08:11Z","timestamp":1476432491000},"page":"190-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Inhibition of Periodontitis Induction Using a Stimuli\u2010Responsive Hydrogel Carrying 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