{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T13:28:32Z","timestamp":1773062912729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors hypothesized that peri\u2010implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters are worse in waterpipe smokers (WS) and cigarette smokers (CS) compared with never\u2010smokers (NS). The aim of the present retrospective study is to compare peri\u2010implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters among WS, CS, and NS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four CS (group 1), 41 WS (group 2), and 43 NS (group 3) were included. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Peri\u2010implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were measured, and crestal bone loss (CBL) was assessed on standardized digital radiographs. Sample size was estimated, and statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis and Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests. For multiple comparisons, Bonferroni post hoc test was performed. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri\u2010implant PI and PD were higher in groups 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) compared with group 3. Peri\u2010implant BOP was significantly higher in group 3 compared with individuals in groups 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Peri\u2010implant total marginal bone loss was significantly higher in groups 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) compared with group 3. There were differences in PI, BOP, PD, and CBL among participants in groups 1 and 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri\u2010implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and CBL are worse in CS and WS compared with NS. There is no difference in these parameters between CS and WS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T09:43:27Z","timestamp":1501839807000},"page":"213-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comparison of peri\u2010implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters among cigarette and waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never\u2010smokers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Shatha Subhi","family":"ALHarthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munerah Saleh","family":"BinShabaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi 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