{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:58:26Z","timestamp":1791082706606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ordem dos Medicos","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Med Port"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Given the increasing use of electronic devices, and the increasing number of complaints with its use, we intend to\u00a0evaluate the prevalence of manifestations of dry eye and ocular fatigue in a population of individuals, who use the computer daily to\u00a0perform all their professional tasks, as well as to correlate these complaints with the number of hours of digital use as well as their\u00a0possible improvement with behavioural measures and use of tear drops.Material and Methods: A total of 77 individuals (154 eyes) were evaluated on two separate days with a 1-month interval. They\u00a0completed two questionnaires: OSDI and PEG Eye Fatigue. An objective ocular surface assessment was performed: Schirmer\u00a0test without anesthetic, DR-1a Dry Eye Monitor\u2122, hyperemia evaluation, lacrimal break up, presence of keratitis and lesions in the\u00a0conjunctiva, as well as near accommodation point and near convergence point. After the first evaluation, the subjects were divided into\u00a0two groups: group A (&lt; 2 hours of computer working) and group B (&gt; 2 hours of computer working). Some environmental measures to\u00a0reduce complaints and recommendation of use of artificial tears were explained to the latter.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the majority of the parameters evaluated in the group B, in relation to the\u00a0morning period (group A) - tear film (p = 0.032), hyperemia (p &lt; 0.001), BUT (p &lt; 0.001), keratitis (p &lt; 0.001), conjunctival lesion (p\u00a0= 0.002) and accommodation point (p &lt; 0.001). In the evaluation \u2013 one month later - there were no statistically significant differences\u00a0in any of the parameters analysed in the group A, and in group B there was a decrease in most parameters at the end of that period -\u00a0Schirmer test (p = 0.005), lacrimal film (p = 0.022), keratitis (p &lt; 0.001), conjunctival lesion (p = 0.005) and fatigue score (p &lt; 0.001).Discussion: It was thus possible to show the appearance of ocular fatigue and ocular surface changes with prolonged use of computers\u00a0(&gt; 2 hours) as well as a significant improvement in symptomatology (subjective assessment) as well as of ocular surface changes\u00a0(objective evaluation) with the implementation of postural measures, regular breaks and use of lubricants. This is the first study, to\u00a0the best of our knowledge, of digital asthenopia in which, in addition to the subjective evaluation, the presence of ocular surface\u00a0modifications (objective assessment) were evaluated and the respective improvement with the aforementioned ergophthalmological\u00a0measures were evaluated.Conclusion: This survey highlights the increased overall level of awareness that we need to have to face the rapid and wide-scale\u00a0changes driven by the emergence of digital technology and, more particularly, its impact on user\u2019s vision and posture. We concluded\u00a0that the longer we use the electronic devices (more than two hours) the more severe the complaints and rates of ocular surface changes\u00a0are. Environmental and ocular strategies can attenuate or even eliminate the discomfort caused by this syndrome, and increase\u00a0professional performance and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.10942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T17:22:51Z","timestamp":1573665771000},"page":"260-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Digital Asthenopia: Portuguese Group of Ergophthalmology Survey"],"prefix":"10.20344","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1635-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Trancoso","family":"Vaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Pinto","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Silveira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8464","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"container-title":["Acta M\u00e9dica Portuguesa"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.actamedicaportuguesa.com\/revista\/index.php\/amp\/article\/download\/10942\/5677","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.actamedicaportuguesa.com\/revista\/index.php\/amp\/article\/download\/10942\/5677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T22:36:49Z","timestamp":1666651009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.actamedicaportuguesa.com\/revista\/index.php\/amp\/article\/view\/10942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20344\/amp.10942","relation":{},"ISSN":["1646-0758","0870-399X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1646-0758","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0870-399X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]}}}