{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:00:17Z","timestamp":1792000817384,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Case Western Reserve University","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PAI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (HIV\/ART) experience excess non-AIDS comorbidities, and also remain at increased risk for certain infections and viral malignancies. Monocytes\/macrophages are central to many of these comorbidities, and elevated plasma cytokines and immune activation during untreated infection are often incompletely reversed by ART and are also associated with comorbidities.Methods: We investigated monocyte surface markers, gene expression, and plasma cytokines in 11 HIV-infected older individuals (median 53 years) who started therapy with low CD4 counts (median 129 cells\/\u03bcl), with elevated hsCRP (\u2265\u20092mg\/L) despite long-term ART (median 7.4 years), along with matched controls.Results: Frequency of monocyte subsets (based on CD14\/CD16\/CD163), were not different from controls, but surface expression of CD163 was increased (P\u2009=\u20090.021) while PD1 was decreased (P\u2009=\u20090.013) along with a trend for higher tissue factor (P\u2009=\u20090.096). As a group, HIV\/ART participants had elevated plasma CCL2 (MCP-1; P\u2009=\u20090.0001), CXCL9 (MIG; P\u2009=\u20090.04), and sIL2R (P\u2009=\u20090.015), which were correlated, while sCD14 was not elevated. Principal component analysis of soluble markers revealed that 6\/11 HIV\/ART participants clustered with controls, while 5 formed a distinct group, driven by IL-10, CCL11, CXCL10, CCL2, CXCL9, and sIL2R. These individuals were significantly older than those clustering with controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed multiple genes linked to immune functions including inflammation, immune cell development, and cell-cell signaling that were downregulated in HIV\/ART monocytes and distinct from patterns in untreated subjects.Conclusions: Long-term ART-treated individuals normalize monocyte subsets but exhibit immune dysregulation involving both aberrant inflammation and monocyte dysfunction, as well as inter-individual heterogeneity, suggesting complex mechanisms linking monocytes and HIV\/ART comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v4i2.336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]],"date-time":"2020-03-22T11:56:36Z","timestamp":1584878196000},"page":"324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evidence for Persistent Monocyte and Immune Dysregulation After Prolonged Viral Suppression Despite Normalization of Monocyte Subsets, sCD14 and sCD163 in HIV-Infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.20411","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Anjana","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew V.","family":"Kossenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent R.","family":"Knecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise C.","family":"Showe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Tebas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Collman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"container-title":["Pathogens and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/paijournal.com\/index.php\/paijournal\/article\/viewFile\/336\/238","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/paijournal.com\/index.php\/paijournal\/article\/viewFile\/336\/236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/paijournal.com\/index.php\/paijournal\/article\/viewFile\/336\/236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T23:34:31Z","timestamp":1598830471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/paijournal.com\/index.php\/paijournal\/article\/view\/336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20411\/pai.v4i2.336","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737152984.793569438","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2469-2964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2469-2964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]}}}