{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T08:41:39Z","timestamp":1760517699116,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Korea Society for Exercise Nutrition","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Fitness and Sports"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-pan.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys Act Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>[Purpose] We conducted a cross-sectional study to clarify the workload of route salespeople in beverage sales for vending-machines in Japan. Specifically, we examined the volume of occupational physical activity (PA) as an objective measure of workload and physical pain as a subjective measure of workload, and assessed whether an association was observed between physical pain and the estimated number of years the employee wanted to continue to work.[Methods] Of 264 participants who engaged in route sales, thirty participants were asked to wear a triaxial accelerometer to measure PA during working hours, and 234 were observed for workload and physical pain using a questionnaire.[Results] The average occupational PA was 12,010 \u00b1 3,160 steps\/day, 2.45 \u00b1 0.19 PA levels\/day, and 507.5 \u00b1 245.1 moderate to vigorous PA minutes\/week. Half the participants reported lower back pain (LBP) and perceived a demanding workload. Participants who had LBP and had been with the company for more than 10 years perceived heavier workloads and estimated a shorter length of future service than those without LBP and more than 10 years in the company.[Conclusion] This study implies that route salespeople employed in the beverage vending machine industry are subjected to a high volume of physical activity and experience physical discomfort, particularly LBP. The nature of work involved in beverage sales for vending-machines necessitates a workload classification ranging from moderate-to-high based on both subjective and objective workload criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20463\/pan.2025.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T01:43:37Z","timestamp":1760492617000},"page":"13-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20463\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The volume of occupational physical activity, lower back pain and workload among route salespeople in the beverage vending machine industry: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.20463","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yujiro","family":"KOSE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"NUNOME","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"SAGAYAMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8359","reference":[{"volume-title":"","key":"ref1"},{"volume-title":"","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"471","volume-title":"The Analysis of the Works of Route Man in Beverage Vending Machine Business (Japanese papers with only abstracts in English)","author":"Nunokawa","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"work recordings of the route man in beverage vending machine business (Japanese papers with only abstracts in English)","author":"Nunokawa","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12150"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2003.09.015"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi081"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw002"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.04.019"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/detc2004-57783"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2004.05.073"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15807\/jorsj.44.378"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0883-7"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.19.2296"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7600\/jpfsm.3.147"},{"volume-title":"","key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Quantity of physical exercise expended during commuting by office workers residing in the Greater Tokyo area (Japanese papers with only abstracts in English)","author":"Nakano","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Contribution of non-locomotive activity to habitual physical activity in Japanese workers (Japanese papers with only abstracts in English)","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012"},{"volume-title":"","key":"ref19"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Daily physical activity and diets of Japanese male home delivery drivers (Japanese papers with only abstracts in English). 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