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In light of these reports, a recent work investigated the potential of artificial extracellular vesicles (aEVs) with the presentation of PD-L1 and Gal-9 ligands (PD-L1\u2013Gal-9 aEVs) as a treatment for T1D, with the findings published in Diabetes . Notably, the PD-L1\u2013Gal-9 aEVs demonstrated the capacity to induce apoptosis of T cells and the formation of regulatory T (Treg) cells, thereby maintaining immune tolerance. Furthermore, the in vivo  administration of PD-L1\u2013Gal-9 aEVs resulted in a reduction in T cell infiltration in the pancreas, an increase in \u03b2-cell integrity protection, a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, and a delay in the progression of T1D. In conclusion, this study proposed an innovative approach to the treatment of T1D progression through the use of immunosuppressive EVs. This highlight provides a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the pivotal findings of this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2024.61","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T01:51:46Z","timestamp":1731549106000},"page":"718-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/oae.crossmark.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Engineered extracellular vesicles as \u201csupply vehicles\u201d to alleviate type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.20517","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00443-4"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/exp.20230047"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2020.18"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.690783"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Wilcox G. 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