{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:00:19Z","timestamp":1785783619749,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"OAE Publishing Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["oaepublish.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucleic Acids."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: To investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in treating hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a condition lacking therapies for multi-organ damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: EVs were isolated from human umbilical cord MSCs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and proteomics. A murine model of HRS, induced by bile duct ligation (BDL), was established, and mice received intravenous MSC-EVs treatment. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through histopathology, serum biochemistry, and analysis of necroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Proteomic profiling of MSC-EVs revealed significant enrichment of proteins involved in renal processes, anti-fibrosis, and immune regulation. In BDL-induced HRS mice, MSC-EVs treatment demonstrated potent multi-organ protective effects. This was evidenced by alleviation of hepatic necroptosis and renal tubular injury, downregulation of interleukin-17 expression, and concurrent attenuation of fibrosis in both liver and kidney tissues. Consequently, significant improvements in hepatic and renal function markers were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: MSC-EVs represent a novel and effective cell-free nanotherapeutic strategy for HRS. They confer protection through multi-faceted mechanisms, including inhibition of necroptosis, immune reprogramming, and fibrosis resolution, offering a promising paradigm for the treatment of multi-organ failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2025.99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T11:03:39Z","timestamp":1768215819000},"page":"34-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/oae.crossmark.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiorgan repair by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in hepatorenal syndrome through necroptosis alleviation, immune reprogramming and fibrosis 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