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Available approaches to measurement are described. Details of what is known about self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management from the global literature are synthesized, focusing on efforts to promote HF self-care behaviors and illustrating the challenges experienced by patients. Barriers to and facilitators of HF self-care are described. Hypothesized and known links between HF self-care and pathophysiology such as myocardial stretch, systemic inflammation, neurohormonal activation, and renal function are reviewed. Guidance is provided on how to design effective self-care interventions. Opportunities for future research are described. The article ends with comments on implications for policy to position self-care as a pillar of universal health coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20517\/jca.2026.58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:06:22Z","timestamp":1786417582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/oae.crossmark.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Current status and global trends in self-care among patients with heart failure: challenges and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.20517","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Riegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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