{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T23:03:28Z","timestamp":1770678208090,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Academia.edu Journals","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In ocean engineering, engineering principles are applied to the ocean domain. Advanced technology is facilitating efficient exploration of oceanic regions with minimal human intervention, and autonomous vehicles are increasingly used to automate various ocean engineering tasks. However, using fully autonomous vehicles raises ethical and legal concerns that must be properly regulated. Nowadays, the most common applications of autonomous vehicles in the ocean domain include infrastructure maintenance, underwater mapping, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and various military operations such as mine warfare (MW) and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). This article explores the prevalent applications of autonomous vehicles in ocean engineering, analyzing existing regulations, liability and accountability issues, data privacy, cybersecurity challenges, and interoperability. Through a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, it was possible to better understand the current state of using autonomous vehicles in ocean engineering and develop a possible future strategy in the field. To make the usage of autonomous vehicles more reliable in ocean engineering, it is essential to advance them technologically and update the existing laws that deal with these kinds of applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20935\/acadeng7339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T13:52:16Z","timestamp":1726753936000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Revolutionizing ocean engineering: the impact of autonomous vehicles"],"prefix":"10.20935","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Nuno Pessanha","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Portuguese Military Research Center (CINAMIL), Portuguese Military Academy (Academia Militar), 1169-203 Lisbon, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technologies, Portuguese Navy Research Center (CINAV), Portuguese Naval Academy (Escola Naval), 2800-001 Almada, Portugal."}]}],"member":"9563","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2019.02.046","article-title":"Food from the ocean; towards a research agenda for sustainable use of our oceans\u2019 natural resources","volume":"105","author":"Van Hoof","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar Policy"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijome.2015.05.001","article-title":"Ocean energy development in europe: current status and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Magagna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mar Energy"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2021.04.009","article-title":"Rising seas, changing salt lines, and drinking water salinization","volume":"50","author":"Lassiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Environ Sust"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16649-0","author":"Dhanak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springer handbook of ocean engineering"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.113617","article-title":"A review on the progress and research directions of ocean engineering","volume":"272","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocean Eng"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MSMC.2016.2623867","article-title":"Trusted autonomy between humans and robots: toward human-on-the-loop in robotics and autonomous systems","volume":"3","author":"Nahavandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7632892","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7632892","article-title":"Autonomous vehicles and intelligent automation: applications, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"2022","author":"Bathla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mob Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1109\/PC.2017.7976252","article-title":"Legal aspects of autonomous vehicles\u2014an overview","author":"Ilkov\u00e1","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27386-6_12","article-title":"Autonomous vehicles: legal considerations and dilemmas","volume":"1","author":"Noussia","journal-title":"InsurTech: a legal and regulatory view. AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-020-00978-9","article-title":"Review and analysis of the importance of autonomous vehicles liability: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Alawadhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/20464177.2016.1247635","article-title":"Corrosion assessment of infrastructure assets in coastal seas","volume":"15","author":"Valdez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mar Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146396","volume":"124","author":"Burguera","year":"2016","journal-title":""},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS47191.2022.9977129","article-title":"The blue economy: an imperative for investment in information from ocean monitoring and exploration using remote sensing","author":"Estes","year":"2022","journal-title":"In: OCEANS 2022, Hampton Roads; 2022 Oct 17\u201320"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-1091-z","article-title":"Ecological variables for developing a global deep-ocean monitoring and conservation strategy","volume":"4","author":"Danovaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110403","article-title":"Ocean wave energy converters: technical principle, device realization, and performance evaluation","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1145\/1349822.1349827","article-title":"Beyond dirty, dangerous and dull: what everyday people think robots should do","author":"Takayama","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00697","article-title":"Future vision for autonomous ocean observations","volume":"7","author":"Whitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS.2003.178578","article-title":"Autonomous underwater vehicles for ocean exploration","author":"Manley","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/UT49729.2023.10103429","article-title":"Sea pollution: analysis and monitoring using unmanned vehicles","author":"Antunes","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2017.01.009","article-title":"Environmental monitoring using autonomous vehicles: a survey of recent searching techniques","volume":"45","author":"Bayat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"269","article-title":"ISR missions in maritime environment using UAS - contributions of the portuguese air force academy research centre","author":"F\u00e9lix","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/OCEANS40490.2019.8962780","article-title":"Live tasking \/ command and control (c2) of ISR unmanned underwater gliders from remote operational sites","author":"Vicen-Bueno","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSLimerick52467.2023.10244682","article-title":"Implementation of a passive acoustic barrier for surveillance","author":"Dias","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARSC58346.2023.10129575","article-title":"Automatic detection of civilian and military personnel in reconnaissance missions using a UAV","author":"Santos","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20353","article-title":"Improving autonomy and control of autonomous surface vehicles in port protection and mine countermeasure scenarios","volume":"27","author":"Pastore","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Field Robot"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603969","article-title":"Using collaborative autonomous vehicles in mine countermeasures","author":"Djapic","year":"2010","journal-title":"In: OCEANS\u201910 IEEE SYDNEY"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSE.2019.8867431","article-title":"Cooperative autonomy in the CMRE ASW multistatic robotic network: Results from LCAS18 trial","author":"Ferri"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS-Genova.2015.7271515","article-title":"Towards fully autonomous underwater vehicles in ASW scenarios: an adaptive, data driven AUV mission management layer","author":"Ferri","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohx.2019.e00059","article-title":"An affordable and portable autonomous surface vehicle with obstacle avoidance for coastal ocean monitoring","volume":"5","author":"Carlson","year":"2019","journal-title":"HardwareX"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSE.2009.5278316","article-title":"Development of a low-cost autonomous oceanographic observation vehicle","author":"Gom\u00e1riz","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref31","author":"Sarsby","year":"2016","journal-title":"SWOT analysis - a guide to SWOT for business studies students"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5038\/2640-6489.6.1.1148","article-title":"Swot analysis applications: an integrative literature review","volume":"6","author":"Benzaghta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glob Bus Insights"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470592663.ch24","article-title":"Swot analysis","author":"Leigh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handbook of improving performance in the workplace: volumes 1\u20133"},{"key":"ref34","author":"Taylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Introduction to marine engineering"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"United nations convention on the law of the sea","year":"198220242024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004639447","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Exclusive economic zone claims: an analysis and primary documents"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"The exclusive economic zone","author":"Andreone","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Oxford handbook of the law of the sea"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"97","article-title":"Dilemmas faced in developing small navies","volume":"76","author":"Makowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naval War Coll Rev"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/su11051331","article-title":"Sustainability challenges in maritime transport and logistics industry and its way ahead","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3324525","article-title":"General system architecture and COTS prototyping of an AIoT-enabled sailboat for autonomous aquatic ecosystem monitoring","volume":"11","author":"de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-018-9810-x","article-title":"Advancing multi-vehicle deployments in oceanographic field experiments","volume":"43","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autonomous Robots"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-011-0096-5","article-title":"Applications of marine robotic vehicles","volume":"4","author":"Yuh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intel Serv Robot"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"347","article-title":"Autonomous vehicles: state of the art, future trends, and challenges","author":"Mallozzi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2020.03.003","article-title":"Traffic accidents with autonomous vehicles: type of collisions, manoeuvres and errors of conventional vehicles\u2019 drivers","volume":"45","author":"Petrovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp Res Proc"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3233\/JCM-204186","article-title":"Statistical accident analysis supporting the control of autonomous vehicles","volume":"21","author":"Sz\u00e9n\u00e1si","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comput Methods Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"International convention for the safety of life at sea (solas)","year":"19742024"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (colregs)","year":"19722024"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020589320000226","article-title":"Maritime autonomous vehicles: New frontiers in the law of the sea","volume":"69","author":"Klein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Comp Law Quart"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"337","author":"Noussia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Legal and ethical aspects of autonomous vehicles"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2019.2953556","article-title":"Ethical decision making in autonomous vehicles: challenges and research progress","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Transp Syst Mag"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-021-09605-y","article-title":"Ethical dilemmas are really important to potential adopters of autonomous vehicles","volume":"23","author":"Gill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.102150","article-title":"Cybersecurity for autonomous vehicles: review of attacks and defense","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2018.1494640","article-title":"Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks","volume":"39","author":"Taeihagh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp Rev"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14122494","article-title":"Autonomous vehicles: the cybersecurity vulnerabilities and countermeasures for big data communication","volume":"14","author":"Algarni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.00091","article-title":"Interoperability among unmanned maritime vehicles: review and first in-field experimentation","volume":"7","author":"Costanzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"ref56","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reference model for interoperability of autonomous systems [PhD thesis]"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/standards3040028","article-title":"The expansion of data science: dataset standardization","volume":"3","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Standards"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v11i4.pp3013-3021","article-title":"Autonomous vehicles: a study of implementation and security","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Electr Comput Eng"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2019.06.004","article-title":"Stakeholder views on the social issues relating to the introduction of autonomous vehicles","volume":"81","author":"Pettigrew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp Policy"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2016.2569468","article-title":"Autonomous vehicle control: a nonconvex approach for obstacle avoidance","volume":"25","author":"Rosolia","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2035099","article-title":"Optimization of shared autonomy vehicle control architectures for swarm operations","volume":"40","author":"Sengstacken","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"64","article-title":"Suave: swarm underwater autonomous vehicle localization","author":"Liu","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref63","author":"El-Reedy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Offshore structures: design, construction and maintenance"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics10010026","article-title":"Unmanned aerial drones for inspection of offshore wind turbines: a mission-critical failure analysis","volume":"10","author":"Shafiee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Robotics"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11112172","article-title":"Exploring autonomous and remotely operated vehicles in offshore structure inspections","volume":"11","author":"Fun Sang Cepeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mar Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2434890","article-title":"Underwater acoustic modems","volume":"16","author":"Sendra","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/48.820738","article-title":"Underwater acoustic networks","volume":"25","author":"Sozer","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J Ocean Eng"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10010","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2988697","article-title":"Auv-aided energy-efficient data collection in underwater acoustic sensor networks","volume":"7","author":"Zhuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759219","article-title":"Supporting auv localisation through next generation underwater acoustic networks: results from the field","author":"Munaf\u00f2","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364907074473","article-title":"Towards high-resolution imaging from underwater vehicles","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Robot Res"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.3390\/en11051250","article-title":"Ocean wave energy converters: status and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Aderinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref72","author":"McCormick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean wave energy conversion"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/en12010056","article-title":"Torque analysis of a flat reconfigurable magnetic coupling thruster for marine renewable energy systems maintenance auvs","volume":"12","author":"Gasparoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENG.2016.01.011","article-title":"Marine renewable energy seascape","volume":"2","author":"Borthwick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9020170","article-title":"Advances in reconfigurable vectorial thrusters for adaptive underwater robots","volume":"9","author":"Gasparoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mar Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198726289.001.0001","author":"Frid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Marine pollution"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235197","article-title":"Tracking marine pollution","volume":"340","author":"Elliott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.310","article-title":"Autonomous marine environmental monitoring: application in decommissioned oil fields","volume":"668","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11709-022-0839-8","article-title":"Demands and challenges for construction of marine infrastructures in china","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Struct Civil Eng"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"167","article-title":"The development of marine infrastructure is the key to promote the maritime economy","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04017004","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000353","article-title":"Review of robotic infrastructure inspection systems","volume":"23","author":"Lattanzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infrastruct Syst"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113355","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3217504","article-title":"Modular multi-domain aware autonomous surface vehicle for inspection","volume":"10","author":"Campos","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-021-09636-0","article-title":"Ocean resource use: building the coastal blue economy","volume":"32","author":"Bax","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Fish Bio Fish"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS40897.2019.8967599","article-title":"Control and perception framework for deep sea mining exploration","author":"Sartore","year":"20196348\u201353"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D031S034R001","DOI":"10.4043\/29069-MS","article-title":"How ai and robotics can support marine mining","author":"Kampmann","year":"20182018","journal-title":"In: Offshore Technology Conference"},{"key":"ref86","author":"Ikeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oceanographic applications of remote sensing"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11573","DOI":"10.1029\/JC090iC06p11573","article-title":"Advances in satellite sea surface temperature measurement and oceanographic applications","volume":"90","author":"Njoku","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Oceans"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2018.2805159","article-title":"Adaptive autonomous underwater vehicles: an assessment of their effectiveness for oceanographic applications","volume":"66","author":"Brito","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manag"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/AUV.2018.8729705","article-title":"How autonomous vehicles are enhancing ocean science","author":"Kieft","year":"2018","journal-title":"In: 2018 IEEE\/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Workshop (AUV)"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.031","article-title":"Navigation, guidance and control of underwater vehicles within the widely scalable mobile underwater sonar technology project: an overview","volume":"48","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2015","journal-title":"IFAC-Papers OnLine"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20250","article-title":"Long-baseline acoustic navigation for under-ice autonomous underwater vehicle operations","volume":"25","author":"Jakuba","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Field Robotics"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8020080","article-title":"Shore construction detection by automotive radar for the needs of autonomous surface vehicle navigation","volume":"8","author":"Stateczny","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo-Inform"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Autonomous aerial navigation and tracking of marine animals","author":"Selby","year":"2011","journal-title":"In: Proceedings ofthe Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA)"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-019-0686-0","article-title":"Development of an autonomous surface vehicle and performance evaluation of autonomous navigation technologies","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Control Autom Syst"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSensT.2015.7438508","article-title":"Estimation of uav position using lidar images for autonomous navigation over the ocean","author":"Braga","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSI.2019.8895512","article-title":"Energy storage system optimization for an autonomous sailboat","author":"Boni","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/OCEANS40490.2019.8962768","article-title":"Long-endurance green energy autonomous surface vehicle control architecture","author":"Dallolio","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSAP.2006.4393972","article-title":"Energy storage for autonomous underwater vehicles","author":"Tsukioka","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.30880\/ijie.2022.14.07.001","article-title":"Renewable energy powered autonomous smart ocean surface vehicles (reasose)","volume":"14","author":"Kamalahasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Integr. Eng"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"3","article-title":"Unmanned and autonomous vehicles and future maritime operations in littoral asia","author":"Singh","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref101","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autonomous vehicles in support of naval operations"},{"key":"ref102","author":"Ivanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Automated and autonomous systems for combat service support: scoping study and technology prioritisation"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12785","article-title":"Autonomous vessels: state of the art and potential opportunities in logistics","volume":"28","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Trans Oper Res."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/SIEDS.2014.6829901","article-title":"Design of an underwater mine detection system","author":"Khaledi","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104643","article-title":"Survey on the developments of unmanned marine vehicles: Intelligence and cooperation","volume":"23","author":"Bae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref106","author":"Scrofani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naval ISR fusion principles, operations, and technologies"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2024.110132","article-title":"Side-scan sonar imaging data of underwater vehicles for mine detection","volume":"53","author":"Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Data in Brief"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062140","article-title":"Sensor and sensor fusion technology in autonomous vehicles: a review","volume":"21","author":"Yeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20367","article-title":"The autonomous maritime navigation (amn) project: field tests, autonomous and cooperative behaviors, data fusion, sensors, and vehicles","volume":"27","author":"Elkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Field Robot"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207914","article-title":"The use of terrestrial and maritime autonomous vehicles in nonintrusive object inspection","volume":"22","author":"Mamchur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogr.2023.04.001","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in advanced robotics, a review","volume":"3","author":"Soori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn Robot."},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.02.011","article-title":"An intelligent uav path planning optimization method for monitoring the risk of unattended offshore oil platforms","volume":"160","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8080578","article-title":"Development of deterministic artificial intelligence for unmanned underwater vehicles (uuv)","volume":"8","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"1","article-title":"Machine learning for predictive maintenance in autonomous vehicle fleets","volume":"3","author":"Jafari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J AI Assist Sci Discov"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2021.107864","article-title":"Predictive maintenance enabled by machine learning: use cases and challenges in the automotive industry","volume":"215","author":"Theissler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31569","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3262506","article-title":"Exploring quantum sensing potential for systems applications","volume":"11","author":"Kantsepolsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2004.10.002","article-title":"The importance of structure and process to strategy implementation","volume":"48","author":"Olson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bus Horiz"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1108\/09596110110403712","article-title":"Towards a strategy implementation framework","volume":"13","author":"Okumus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Hosp Manag"},{"key":"ref119","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach"},{"key":"ref120","author":"Kaplan","year":"1996","journal-title":"The balanced scorecard: translating strategy into action"},{"key":"ref121","author":"Lynch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Measure up!: the essential guide to measuring business performance"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rtbm.2017.06.002","article-title":"Analyzing the economic benefit of unmanned autonomous ships: an exploratory cost-comparison between an autonomous and a conventional bulk carrier","volume":"25","author":"Kretschmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Transp Bus Manag."},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2078-2_2","article-title":"Ocean explorations using autonomy: technologies, strategies and applications","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Offshore robotics"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64088-0_7","article-title":"Key features of the autonomous underwater vehicles for marine surveillance missions","author":"Bauk","year":"2021","journal-title":"The 1st International Conference on Maritime Education and Development"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"163","author":"Pribyl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autonomous vessels in the era of global environmental change"}],"container-title":["Academia Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/124005272\/Revolutionizing_ocean_engineering_the_impact_of_autonomous_vehicles","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T22:56:46Z","timestamp":1740610606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/124005272\/Revolutionizing_ocean_engineering_the_impact_of_autonomous_vehicles"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20935\/acadeng7339","relation":{},"ISSN":["2994-7065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2994-7065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]}}}