{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:34:07Z","timestamp":1771043647054,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Academia.edu Journals","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This research aims to enhance the understanding of the interrelationships among the manufacturing process, microstructure, and mechanical properties in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of SAE 316L stainless steel (SS), which can lead to the appearance of undesirable phases, like sigma (\u03c3). As part of this investigation, as-built samples underwent solubilization heat treatment (HT), primarily targeting the dissolution of the \u03c3 phase and microstructure homogenization, with a subsequent assessment of its impact on hardness. The study reveals the efficacy of HT in reducing \u03c3 phase content, particularly following treatments at 950\u00b0C and 1,050\u00b0C for 2 h. Notably, the dissolution of the process-induced microstructure becomes progressively significant within the temperature range of 800\u2013950\u00b0C for 2 h. Furthermore, the study identifies a hardening effect associated with the process-induced microstructure on the samples. Remarkably, the sample exhibiting the highest hardness value featured a substantial \u03c3 phase content and maintained the process-induced structure after HT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20935\/acadmatsci6230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T05:51:50Z","timestamp":1717048310000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The heat treatment effects on the microstructure, hardness, and sigma phase content of L-PBF SAE 316L stainless steel"],"prefix":"10.20935","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Beatriz S.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Francisca A.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Mariana S.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Manuel F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Elsa W.","family":"Sequeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200\u2013465 Porto, Portugal."}]}],"member":"9563","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/14686996.2017.1361305","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of metals: a brief review of the characteristic microstructures and properties of steels, Ti-6Al-4V and high-entropy alloys","volume":"18","author":"Gorsse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Technol Adv 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