{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:57:02Z","timestamp":1790884622452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We sought to assess the effects of witnessing violence against their mothers in childhood on men\u2019s use of violence in a range of settings in adulthood. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 1368 randomly selected male municipal workers in Cape Town, South Africa. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Almost a quarter (23.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=21.2, 25.7) of the men reported witnessing abuse of their mother, and having witnessed such events was associated with men\u2019s later involvement in physical conflicts in their community (odds ratio [OR]=1.72; 95% CI=1.29, 2.30) and at their place of work (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.58), use of physical violence against their partners (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.94, 3.54), and arrest for possession of illegal firearms (OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.29, 6.32). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Our results show strong links between \u201cpublicly\u201d violent behavior among men and childhood experiences of \u201cprivate\u201d violence against their mothers. Prevention of domestic violence is essential both in its own right and as part of efforts to reduce broader violence and crime in society. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2003.035006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,31]],"date-time":"2005-08-31T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1125457761000},"page":"1811-1816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Effects of South African Men\u2019s Having Witnessed Abuse of Their Mothers During Childhood on Their Levels of Violence in Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Naeemah","family":"Abrahams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naeemah Abrahams and Rachel Jewkes are with the Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jewkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naeemah Abrahams and Rachel Jewkes are with the Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Penn-Kekana L, Levin J, Ratsaka M, Schrieber M. Prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse of women in three South African provinces. S Afr Med J.2001;91:421\u2013428."},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00177-5"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16098-4"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Heise LL, Ellsberg MC, Gottemoeller M. Ending violence against women. Popul Rep.2002;27:1\u201343."},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00240-8"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.23.4.310"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceasar PL. Exposure to violence in the families of origin among wife abusers and maritally nonviolent men. Violence Vict.1988;3:49\u201363.","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.3.1.49"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02336665"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.2.241"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hotaling GT, Sugarman DB. An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: the current state of the knowledge. Violence Vict.1986;1:101\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.1.2.101"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.9.1477"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2704995"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.10.2.147"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(00)90010-7"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Morena C, Watts C, Jansen H, Ellsberg M, Heise L. Responding to violence against women: WHO Multi-Country Study on Women\u2019s Health and Domestic Violence. Health Hum Rights.2003;6:113\u2013127.","DOI":"10.2307\/4065432"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.3.560"},{"key":"R34","unstructured":"Gaenor V. Violence at work costing South Africa almost R40bn. Sunday Times. 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