{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:50:22Z","timestamp":1789775422662,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We examined perceptions of the effectiveness and acceptability of a candidate microbicide among 94 South African female sex workers who had participated in a phase 3 microbicide trial for HIV prevention. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Sixteen focus groups were conducted in 2001, 12 to 15 months after participants were informed that the candidate microbicide had been determined to be ineffective in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Participants clearly indicated that they understood the experimental nature of the candidate microbicide, and they recognized that they had been informed after the trial that the product was ineffective. Nevertheless, most continued to believe that the candidate microbicide helped prevent HIV and other STIs, alleviated reproductive tract pain and STI symptoms, and helped to clean the vagina. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding women\u2019s perceptions of the efficacy of candidate microbicides and the rationale for these beliefs. These issues need to be addressed in counseling throughout microbicide trials for HIV prevention. These results also demonstrate how desperate many women at high risk of HIV infection may be for new HIV prevention technologies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2004.047514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]],"date-time":"2006-05-03T01:39:23Z","timestamp":1146620363000},"page":"1073-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["\u201cWe Have Our Protector\u201d: Misperceptions of Protection Against HIV Among Participants in a Microbicide Efficacy Trial"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Mantell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joanne E. Mantell is with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY. Neetha S. Morar and Gita Ramjee are with the Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, Durban, South Africa. Landon Myer is with the Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neetha S.","family":"Morar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joanne E. Mantell is with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY. Neetha S. Morar and Gita Ramjee are with the Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, Durban, South Africa. Landon Myer is with the Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joanne E. Mantell is with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY. Neetha S. Morar and Gita Ramjee are with the Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, Durban, South Africa. Landon Myer is with the Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Ramjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joanne E. Mantell is with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY. Neetha S. Morar and Gita Ramjee are with the Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, Durban, South Africa. Landon Myer is with the Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199401000-00002"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"van de Wijgert J, Coggins C. Microbicides to prevent heterosexual transmission of HIV: ten years down the road. Beta. 2002;15:23\u201328."},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.6.1032-a"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.05.011"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11079-8"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200100005-00010"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200011100-00018"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Ramjee G, Abdool Karim SS, Morar N, et al. Acceptability of a vaginal microbicide among female sex workers. S Afr Med J. 1999;86:673\u2013676."},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Bass E. Learning from microbicides: a young field\u2019s experience working with high-risk women. AID-Science. 2002;2(17). Available at: http:\/\/aidscience.org\/articles\/iavi007.asp. Accessed April 1, 2006."},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199807000-00005"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1995.1007"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.11.1521"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000114942.41998.58"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Morar N, Ramjee G, Abdool Karim SS. Vaginal insertion and douching practices among sex workers at truck stops in KwaZulu-Natal. S Afr Med J. 1998;88:470."},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305230-00015"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200302010-00008"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.047514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T22:19:46Z","timestamp":1652134786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.047514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2004.047514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2004.047514","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}